152 SMITHSONIAN MISCEIJ.ANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 58 



SOUTH DAKOTA (Continued) 

 A review of work done and tin mines opened in the Black Hills, Dakota. " Cleve- 

 land " mine was selected for heaviest operations. Hoisting plant and suitable build- 

 ings have been erected. Three tons of stream tin and 250 pounds of metallic tin have 

 been shipped. 



1005. . Dakota tin mines. 



Min. Res. U. S. for 18S8, U. S. Geol. Surv., 1890, Washington, D. C, pp. 144-156. 



Review: Neues Jahrb. Min., 1891, U (Ref.), Stuttgart, 2.37-238. 



Present outlook reported as very encouraging. Character of veins; analyses of 

 cassiterite from veins; percentage of black tin in the rock; treatment of the ore; 

 yield of metallic tin. 



1006. Emmens, Stephen H. Tin in Soutli Dakota. 



Eng. News Amer. Railw. Journ., Vol. 28, 1S9'2, New York, pp. 208-209. 

 Author gives what seems to be a careful and apparently unprejudiced statement 

 concerning the South Dakota tin. 



1007. GiVRRisoN, F. Lynwood. Tin in the Black Hills. 



Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 78, 1904, New York, p. 830. 

 Review of work done. 

 Geology of the district. 



1008. Headden, Wm. p. Notes upon the history of the discovery and occur- 



rence of tin ores in the Black Hills of South Dakota. 



Proc. Colorado Sci. Soc, Vol. 3, 1890, Denver, pp. .347-3o0. 



A good article upon the general geology of the deposits. Thinks there are two 

 kinds of deposits: (1) original in the granites; (2) secondary in quartz veins. Says 

 the granite (i. e. pegmatite) is pre-Cambrian. 



" States that the earliest identification of tin from the Black Hills was in 1876 by 

 Mr. Richard Pearce of Denver, Colo., who detected cassiterite as stream tin in gold 

 dust from the Northern Hills. The second discovery was made on Elk Gulch, 

 southern section, in April, 1877. The material from the latter place was assayed by 

 Theo. Vosburg, but the true nature of the bullion was fii'st recognized by Mr. Fred J. 

 Cross. Dates of various other discoveries and remarks on the general geology of the 

 region are also given." (Digest by Cleophas C. O'Harra.) 



, See No. 1616. 



1009. Hess, Fkank L. Tin, tungsten and tantalum deposits of South Dakota. 



U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull., 380, 1909, \Va.shington, D. C, pp. 131-163, text fig. 1. 



Abstract: Mg. World, Vol. 31, 1909, Chicago, pp. 457-460. 



Casssiterite occurs in the southern Black Hills in pegmatite dikes and in quartz 

 veins. The quartz veins also carry important amounts of wolframite which some- 

 times forms beautiful intergrowths with light colored cassiterite. Many other 

 minerals occur in the pegmatites with the cassiterite, including spodumene, ambly- 

 gonite, lepidolite, apatite, tantalite, columbite, pyrite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, 

 tourmaline, etc., but there is little or no fluorite, topaz, or axinite. The dikes which 

 carry most tin are the finer-grained and carry the least number of accessory minerals. 

 The quartz veins are probably a later phase of the same intiTJsions which formed the 

 pegmatites, and the two grade into each other. 



In the northern Black Hills, at Tinton, tin occurs in pegmatites, similar to those 

 in the southern Hills, but with fewer accessory minerals. 



Hofman, Heinrich 0. See No. 1506. 



1010. Irving, John Dueb. Economic resources of the Northern Black Hills. 



U. S. Geol. Surv., Prof. Paper No. 26, 1904, Washington, D. C, pp. 95-97. 



