308 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 58 



HISTORY (Continued) 



1420. Tylor, a. Is Iktis in Cornwall, and did iron and copper precede tin? 



Msr. Jomn. Railw. Conim. Gaz., \o\. 53, 1883, London, p. 1395, sketch maps 4. 



Historical. States that pure iron was used in Egypt B. C. 3124, and argues 

 that since iron was a necessity for production of copper, and tin was of no use 

 without copper, iron and copper must have been known first. 



Wait, F. W. See No. 482. 



1421. Warner, Richard. A tour through Cornwall (with an account of the 



mines). 



1809, Bath and London, pp. 245-282. 



Gives a sketch of the early history of tin, and in a brief way, the geology of tin 

 deposits of Cornwall. 



Weeks, Joseph D. See No. 1372. 



1422. Werner, — . Le plus ancien de tons les metaux. 



Journ. Mines No. 18, Vol. 3, 1795 et 1796, Paris, pp. 90-96. 



1423. Wheeler, H. A. Tin mining in the Ozarks. A bit of history. 



Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 77, 1904, New York, p. 323. 



Describes attempt to mine tin at Tin Mountain, some 10 miles south of Frederick- 

 town, about 130 miles south of St. Louis, Mo., where there was no tin. Exposes 

 the methods used. Account of a clever fraud. 



1424. Winer, — . Die Metalle und Mineralien bie den alten Egyptiern. 



Berg. Hutt. Zeit., Vol. 40, 1881, Leipzig, p. 467. 



Tin is mentioned among the metals used by the ancient Egyptians. 



1425. Worth, R. N. Historical notes concerning the progress of mining skill 



in Devon and Cornwall. 



40th Ann. Rep. Boy. Cornwall Polyt. Soc, 1872, Falmouth, pp. 63-121.- 

 From a historical point of view the author treats of the discovery, methods and 

 progress of early mining, including tools, machinery and power; dressing, smelting 

 and sale of tin and copper, with short discussion of the early miner. 



1426. . The antiquity of mining in the west of England. 



42d Ann. Rep. Ti-ans. Plymouth Inst. Devon and Cornwall Nat. Hist. Soc, 1873-1871 

 (1874), Plymouth, pp. 120-140. 



Conclusions reached are: 



" First. That the historical evidence of the antiquity of western mining takes it 

 back at least 2300 years. 



" Second. Tliat the inferential evidence carries it nearly 2000 years further, and 

 possibly doubles the first-named period. 



" Third. That the geological evidence would antedate the commencement of mining, 

 and consequently the use of metals, to a time when the mammoth either still existed 

 in the west of England, or had not long disappeared; and when the general level of 

 Devon and Cornwall was at least 30 feet higher than it is now. Taking Sir Charles 

 Lyell's estimate of the rate of crust motion at 2% feet in a century, fully 2000 years 

 would thus be covered by the gradual process of subsidence and whilst we cannot tell 

 when it ended, nor perhaps accurately estimate the chronological value of later 

 changes, we know from St. Michael's Mount that it must have ceased certainly 20OO 

 years ago; whilst other reasons appear to indicate a much more remote antiquity." 



1427. . The ancient stannary of Ashburton. 



Trans. Devonshire Ass. Adv. Sci. Lit. Art, Vol. 8, 1876, Plymouth, pp. 311-322. 



Digest: Geol. Rec. for 1876, London, p. 332. 



" An historical accoimt of the stannaries of Devonshire with special reference to 

 that of Ashburton, from the year 1197; statistics as to the produce of tin in county, 

 and note of the minerals found." 



