﻿NO. II SMITHSONIAN EXPEDITIONS, I9IO-I9 1 I 9 



and investigated. The evidence gathered does not sustain a large 

 part of the claims that have been made. The human bones and the 

 archeological specimens which should represent races geologically 

 ancient agree in all important characteristics with the bones and 

 work of the American Indian ; and the finds, so far as observed, while 

 often in close relation with early quaternary or tertiary deposits, are 

 only intrusive. Furthermore, the original sources of some specimens 

 that present certain morphological peculiarities are not so well 

 established that scientific deductions of great consequence can be 

 safely drawn therefrom. 



The expedition secured numerous geological, paleontological, and 

 anthropological specimens, some of which throw much light on the 

 question of the antiquity of the finds to which they relate. These 

 specimens are being identified and described in the National Museum, 

 and in due time Dr. Hrdlicka and Mr. Willis will present a detailed 

 report on their investigations. 



ANTHROPOLOGICAL RESEARCHES AT PACHACAMAC, PERU 



Following the researches in Argentina, Dr. Hrdlicka visited the 

 great ruins of the temples and city of Pachacamac, about 18 miles 





Fig. 5. — View of the Sun Temple, Pachacamac, from northeast. 



south of Lima, and also the ruins and cemeteries in the district of 

 Trujillo, Peru, where he collected upward of 3400 crania and a 

 quantity of other skeletal parts. A large percentage of the gathered 

 skulls are free from artificial deformation and therefore afford a much 

 better opportunity than previous collections for a critical study of the 

 peoples who centuries ago occupied and congregated in these regions. 

 Pachacamac was a religious center, much like the Egyptian Thebes 

 and the Mohammedan Mecca, to which pilgrims flocked from all 

 parts of Peru. After the destruction of the Temple of the Sun by 

 the Spaniards, the place became a desolate pile of ruins with from 



