﻿NO. II 



SMITHSONIAN EXPEDITIONS, I9IO-I9II 



31 



quently the rock is exposed to vandalism. The inscriptions, so im- 

 portant in relation to the early history of the southwest, are ever 

 threatened with destruction at the hands of thoughtless visitors who 

 scratch their own names in dangerous proximity to these old records 

 of early exploration. 



Mr. Hodge later joined Dr. Edgar L. Hewett, director of the 

 School of American Archaeology, on an expedition to the Jemez valley, 

 about 65 miles northwest of Albuquerque, where excavations were 



Fig. 34. — El Morro, Inscription Rock in western New Mexico. 



conducted in the ruins of a large stone pueblo known as Kwasteyukwa, 

 which measures about 1,100 feet by 600 feet, and is situated on a mesa 

 rising 1,800 feet above. Jemez River. This pueblo was evidently con- 

 temporary with Amoxiumqua, which was occupied from prehistoric 

 times to the year 1622, when it was abandoned on account of the 

 depredations of the Navajo Indians. Seven years later Amoxiumqua 

 was rebuilt and re-occupied at the instance of a Franciscan missionary 

 and remained inhabited for some time prior to 1680 when it was 

 permanently abandoned. 



Excavations, chiefly in the refuse heaps which formed the ceme- 

 teries of Kwasteyukwa, brought to light about 125 skeletons and more 



