﻿2 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 59 



That statement was not changed in the second edition, published 

 in 1864. 



In the third edition, 1874, the term "Terrace epoch" is replaced 

 by the expression " Recent period " and this is divided into " the 

 Reindeer, or second Glacial era," and "the Modern era." The 

 term Quaternary is employed to include the Glacial, the Champlain, 

 and the Recent eras. Most of the species of fossil mammals found 

 within the glaciated areas were regarded as having lived during the 

 Champlain, but the opinion is expressed that such mammals may 

 have existed during the Glacial epoch beyond the borders of the 

 ice-covered region. 



In the fourth edition of this work, published in 1895, the same 

 classification of the Quaternary is employed and the opinion is held 

 that the animals which spread themselves over the glaciated area 

 during the Champlain had probably all been in existence during the 

 middle and later parts of the Glacial period, if not earlier. 



In 1895, Cope (Amer. Naturalist, Vol. 24, p. 593), in discussing 

 the antiquity of man in North America, expressed the opinion that 

 there had existed during the Pleistocene two distinct faunas, one 

 of which he called the Megalonyx fauna, the other, the Equus fauna. 

 The Megalonyx fauna included the genera Platygonus, Smilodon, 

 Megalonyx, Mylodon, Mastodon, and extinct species of Bos, Dico- 

 tyles, Equus, Tapirus, Ursus, Castor, Arvicola, and Lagomys. With 

 these were found teeth and other fragments of a number of ani- 

 mals yet existing. The Equus fauna included extinct species of 

 horse, species of Mylodon, four species of camels, and a peccary. 

 Elephas primigenius was abundant; the mastodon rare, if occurring 

 at all. The Equus beds which contain this fauna are said to be 

 found in Oregon, Nevada, California, southern Texas, western 

 Nebraska, and part of Mexico. His Megalonyx fauna was re- 

 garded as having occupied the region east of the Great Plains. Cope 

 recognized the fact that in both these faunas there was a South 

 American element. This element contained the great edentates, 

 the saber-tooth cats, the peccaries, tapirs, and probably the giant 

 beaver. He concluded that the two faunas were contemporary and 

 had existed during pre-Champlain time. After the Champlain, 

 which Cope regarded as a time of submersion, there came in a new 

 fauna consisting mostly of now existing species, but containing also 

 a few of the pre-Champlain forms, among them one or more species 

 of megalonyx and the giant beaver. 



Chamberlin and Salisbury, in their Geology, recognize a number 





