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SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS 



vol. 59 



life, and that creatures of such different habits of life, as the mas- 

 todon, the hairy mammoth, the Columbian mammoth, the giant 

 beaver, one or two genera of peccaries, at least three species of 

 musk-oxen, belonging to as many genera, and a species of mega- 

 lonyx invaded and took possession of the new-made land. We do 

 not need to suppose that all these occupied the country at the same 

 time. It seems probable that the hairy mammoth and the musk- 

 oxen followed up pretty closely the retreating ice-sheet, while the 

 Columbian mammoth, the mastodon, the giant beaver, the peccaries, 

 and the megalonyx pushed in only after the climate had become 

 greatly ameliorated. It cannot be doubted that a host of other but 



Fig. 8. — Distribution of Pleistocene horses of the genus Equus. 



smaller mammals, as well as reptiles, amphibians, and fishes, ac- 

 companied each of these groups, the cold-loving and the heat-loving, 

 and it will need close observation of the materials thrown out of 

 ditches and canals in the region covered by Wisconsin drift, in order 

 finally to make out what these animals were. 



Figure 8 presents, so far as known, a view of the distribution of 

 fossil horses, of the genus Equus, during the Pleistocene epoch. 

 The writer has records of more than 130 localities where extinct 

 horses have been found in North America, including Alaska and 

 excluding Mexico. Now, there occur within the area covered by 

 Wisconsin drift only two authentic discoveries of remains of ex- 

 tinct horses. One of these is on the Susquehanna River, near 

 Pittston, about 20 miles north of the terminal moraine. Leidy stated 



