48 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 63 



Lettsom and Latham in 1791, is the oldest institution of the kind in 

 Great Britain, and retains its pre-eminence. There are similar insti- 

 tutions at Brighton, Bournemouth, Folkestone, and Ventnor, Isle of 

 Wight (see plate 12). 



The impression prevails at present in England that sea air is the 

 best for these cases. The bracing air suits them perfectly and 

 children with tuberculous bones, joints, or glands can stand a 

 much colder and fresher air than children with pulmonary disease. 

 Sea air improves the general health and keeps nutrition at the 

 highest level. Italy and France, however, take the lead in seashore 

 sanatoria exclusively devoted to tuberculous children. They have 

 been in existence on the Italian shore at Viareggio since 1856, and 

 on the French coast since i860, and are conducted on a very exten- 

 sive and systematic scale. The first sanatorium at Berck-sur-Mer 

 was established in i860 by the city of Paris, and is almost exclusively 

 for children suffering from tuberculous disease of the joints, bones 

 and glands, and has at present considerably over one thousand beds 

 and accommodates children from the poorest quarters of Paris.^ 



Two private hospitals for similar cases are located at Berck- 

 Plage. One was founded by Baron Rothschild and is maintained 

 by his widow and contains 600 beds. Four-fifths of the cases are 

 surgical ; one-fifth, medical.^ The other is in Cazin Perrochaud and 

 accommodates 200. At Pol-sur-Mer there is a similar institution 

 maintained by the city of Lille, which is designed to have 900 

 beds.* At Cannes there is an excellent private institution, the Villa 

 Santa Maria, for the " cure helio-marine des tuberculoses chirurgi- 

 cales " under the direction of D. A. Pascal. 



Besides these institutions for surgical tuberculosis there are others 

 which are intended mainly for pulmonary tuberculosis. These are 

 located at Hendaye, Ormesson, Villiers-sur-Marne and Noisy le 

 Grand. There are now fifteen sanatoria on the French coast open 

 throughout the year and, in addition, a number open for only a 

 part of the year, containing in all over four thousand beds. In 1904 

 there were twenty-three Italian hospitals distributed along the Medi- 

 terranean and Adriatic shores of Italy, with over ten thousand beds. 



* See article by the author on " The Treatment of Surgical Tuberculosis," 

 etc. Interstate Medical Journal, St. Louis, March, 1914. 



* See article by Douglas C. McMurtrie, Boston Medical and Surgical Jour- 

 nal, Jan. 2, 1913. 



* See article by John W. Brannan, loc. cit. 



