122 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 63 



The accompanying illustrations show fully the initial stage of this 

 experiment in a portion of New York City having many natural 

 beauties. But in the course of time it was apparently realized that 

 the same results might be obtained with other structures of a more 

 permanent character and I am informed by Dr. William Mabon, the 

 superintendent and medical director, that the tents have been replaced 

 by wooden and glass camps. The reason for this change is that 

 the tents were found to be very close and unsatisfactory in wet 

 weather, whereas the wooden camps can be opened and ventilated 

 under all conditions of weather. 



Pavilion Tents.— On Blackwell's Island, New York, the Metropoli- 

 tan Hospital makes use of twelve paviHon tents with a capacity for 

 142 patients. Steam pipes are arranged in a double circuit and in 

 some cases stoves render these pavilion tents comfortable in winter 

 and were preferred by the majority of the patients, in the coldest 

 weather, to the ordinary quarters in the main building of the hos- 

 pital. These pavilion tents were devised by Dr. A. M. Holmes, of 

 Denver. 



The tent devised by Dr. Charles Fox Gardiner, of Colorado 

 Springs, is largely used in western sanatoria and has some notable 

 advantages. It is of conical shape, like the Sibley army tent, with 

 a ventilator at the apex of the cone which may be opened or shut. 

 The board floor has an air space beneath and air inlets opening 

 at the floor between the interior wainscoting and the tent wall 

 supplying air at the height of three or four feet above the floor. 

 This is an improvement over the method of allowing air to enter 

 at the floor. These inlets are controlled by hinged lids. This tent 

 avoids the use of a center pole, pegs, or guy-ropes, as it is sup- 

 ported by two-by-four-inch timbers reinforced by angle irons and 

 plates. This tent costs from $90 to $100 and is thoroughly practical. 

 It is not unlike the Nordrach tent. (See plate 55.) 



The tent devised by Dr. H. L. Ulrich, of Minneapolis, is simpler 

 and less expensive. It consists of a wall tent with ridge pole for the 

 tent, and another 12 inches clear above it for the " fly." There 

 are ventilating openings on either side of the tent ridge. The tent 

 and "fly" are secured by guy-ropes and pegs and all four sides 

 may be rolled up and lowered as required. A stove may be used 

 in cold weather. A tent 10 by 12 feet costs $22.50. 



Other excellent tents have been devised by Prof. Irving Fisher, of 

 New Haven, Dr. Mary Lapham, of Highland, N. C.,' and Dr. James 

 A. Hart, of Geneva, New York, and Colorado Springs. 



^American Medicine, Phila., 1905, Vol. 9, 517- 



