126 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 63 



are received only " scrofulous " children and those who are threat- 

 ened with tuberculosis. During the last five years these facilities 

 have been greatly increased; 31,022 insured persons were treated 

 in the sanatoria during a total of 2,312,850 days of care, at a cost of 

 11,483,033 marks ($2,755,928). On an average, each person treated 

 received 75 days of care at a cost of 370.16 marks ($88.84) or 4.96 

 marks ($1.19) per person for each day of care. 



Night Camps.- — -These aftord open air conditions of sleeping, either 

 for patients with arrested tuberculosis who pursue their occupation 

 by day in the nearby city, or with disease still unarrested but who are 

 able, or from necessity are compelled to work by day.' 



Sleeping porches and balconies. — Sleeping out of doors requires 

 special arrangements which are not usually found in cities. The 

 ordinary dwelling, apartment house, or tenement has no provision for 

 this innovation in tuberculo-therapy. Suburban and country houses 

 or those in the less crowded cities are better adapted for the con- 

 version of an upper porch or balcony into a sleeping apartment. 

 In Denver, for instance, the practice is common enough to excite 

 little comment. Detached houses are usually easily fitted with the 

 necessary screened enclosures.^ 



Pavilions are more substantial and permanent than the forms of 

 shelter previously referred to. Where large numbers of patients 

 must be cared for at a minimum of expense the pavilion system has 

 distinct advantages, especially for night use. At the Metropolitan 

 Hospital, Blackwell's Island, New York City, about one-third of all 

 consumptives under hospital care in New York are there provided 

 for in the tent pavilions referred to on page 123 ; these tent pavilions 

 cost about $12.00 per bed or $144.00 for a tent pavilion with a capac- 

 ity of 12 beds. 



At the Manhattan State Hospital for the Insane, Ward's Island, 

 New York, more substantial and permanent pavilions have been con- 

 structed of wood and glass and have displaced the cloth tents. These 

 pavilions are heated by steam, lighted by electricity, and have remov- 

 able glass sides permitting a free circulation of air and light all the 

 time. Their per capita cost is about $100. 



In addition, there are camps for both the men and the women 

 with a total capacity of 175 patients. In summer some canvas tents 



* E. O. Otis: Institutions for the Prevention and Cure of Tuberculosis, 

 Boston Med. and Surg. Journ., Aug. i, 1912. 



^ See " Directions for Living and Sleeping in the Open Air," National Ass. 

 Tuberculosis, 1910. See T. S. Carrington : Interstate Med. Journ., April, 

 1914. 



