NO. 8 SMITHSONIAN EXPLORATIONS, I913 47 



low riilge at an oblique angle, the excavation reaches a depth of 

 nearly lOO feet. The outer margin is buried beneath heavy bodies of 

 ancient dump material which now supports numerous chestiuit trees, 

 the trunks of which are four or five feet in diameter. The modern 

 operators of the mine who have worked the vein at the upper end 

 to the depth of 300 feet have filled the old trenches deserted by the 

 aborigines. 



So far as could be determined, the implements used in excavating 

 the decomposed schists and breaking up the vein material, thus free- 

 ing the mica crystals, were rude picks and hammers of stone, a few 

 examples of which were found. Drawings of these are shown in 

 figure 47. 



Mr. Holmes extended his reconnoissance into South Carohna, 

 where an ancient mound of large dimensions, situated twelve miles 

 below Columbia on the Congaree River, was examined. A plan of 

 the mound was made, and an examination of an ancient burial site 

 on the edge of the mound yielded numerous relics of pottery and 

 stone. 



Near Waynesboro, Georgia, a number of ancient village sites and 

 certain outcrops of flint, where the aborigines had obtained the 

 material for their implements, were examined. Later, in the spring, 

 Mr. Holmes visited St. Louis, Missouri, with the view of studying 

 the very interesting collections owned in that city, and accompanied 

 by Mr. Gerard Fowke spent a day at Mill Creek, Illinois, making 

 collections on the ancient quarry and shop sites of that locality. He 

 later extended his excursion to Davenport. Madison, Milwaukee, 

 Chicago, and Columbus, for the purpose of making studies in the mu- 

 seums of those cities. 



ANTHROPOLOGICAL EXPLORALION IN PERU 

 Dr. Ales Hrdlicka, of the National Museum, has made a second 

 report ' concerning his field-work in Peru during the past year, in 

 connection with the Panama-California Exposition at San Diego, for 

 which a very important exhibit in physical anthropology is being 

 prepared. The investigations extended over several hundred miles 

 of the Peruvian coast and over hitherto unexplored regions in the 

 western Cordilleras. The objects of this trip, which occupied the first 

 four months of 191 3, were to determine the anthropological relations 



' Anthropological Work in Peru in 1913, with Notes on the Pathology of 

 the Ancient Peruvians. Smithsonian Misc. Coll., \'ol. 6t. No. 18, 1914. 



