NO. 8 



SMITHSONIAN KX I'LORATIONS, I913 



49 



The results of the expedition will prove of unusual value to an- 

 thropology. While some of the links in the chain of evidence are 

 still missing', it can now l)e said with certainty that the I'eruvian 

 coast from Chiclayo. in the north, to ^'auca, in tiie south — a distance 

 of over 600 miles — was peopled predominantly before the advent of 

 the whites bv one and the same physical ty])e of Indian. 'Jdiese 

 Indians were of medium height, with short and broad skulls, and 



Fig. 49.- -The ruins of the Incaic Temple of the Sun. at Pachacamac, Peru. 

 Photograph by Hrdlicka. 



moderately to strongly developed muscles according to the locality. 

 The most important fact ascertained in this connection was that V)oth 

 the Chimu and Nascas, two of the foremost cultural groups of ancient 

 Peru, w^ere identical and, as regards physical characteristics, insepar- 

 able parts of this coast people. 



According to their location, the people of old Peru were either 

 tishermen or farmers. They seem to have been organized into numer- 

 ous political groups, which developed smaller or greater cultural dif- 

 ferences according to environment and other influences. 



