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SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 63 



head probably by means of pads and bandages, which process flat- 

 tened the back of the head as well. They did not practice filing, cut- 

 ting, or chipping the teeth, or other mutilations which would leave 

 marks on the skeletons. 



These natives seem to have been free from general bodil)- ailments 

 before the advent of the white men : on the other hand they sutYered 

 from several peculiar local diseases affecting the hip-bone, the head, 

 and the ear. 



Fig. S3- — A party of vandals in an old cemetery on the railroad from Ancon 

 tit Huacho, Peru. Photograph l)y Hrdlicka. 



The people of the mountains possessed a good average develop- 

 ment of the body and of the skull, and were even freer than the coast 

 people from disease. Wounds were, however, common, and in some 

 of the districts serious wounds of the head were frequently followed 

 by the operation known as trepaning, and although this was often 

 crudely done, it was successful in many cases. This practice was prob- 

 ably carried on even after the coming of the Spaniards. 



The results of the expedition failed to strengthen the theories of 

 any great antifiuitv of man in IV^ru, tending rather to prove the con- 



