NO. 



SMITHSONIAN EXPLORATION S, I913 61 



IkiU of the Temple of Amen l\;i. by A I. I >e (irain, is tlie most im- 

 ])()naiit ever attempted on an aneient buildino-. 



I'art of his time in Egypt was devoted to comparative prol)lems, 

 and he was also able to give some attention, all too hmited, to evi- 

 dences of convergence and parallelism in the neolithic or predynastic 

 cultnre of the Nile \'alley with that of the ( iila. Me investigated 

 more especially remarkable lines of similarity in artificial methods 

 of water supplv. in both regions, and the influence of cooperation 

 of predvnastic villages in Iniilding great irrigation canals, on the de- 

 veloi)ment of a higher social organization. He had always in mind 

 the collection of material l)earing on interrelationship of climatic 

 conditions and early culture in the .Vile X'alley. 



.\.\l().\(, rill': E.\ST CHEROKEE INDIANS OF NORTH CAROLINA 

 Mr. lames xMooney, ethnologist in the T.ureau of .Vmerican 

 IThnologv. spent the summer of 1913, June 18 to October 4, inclusive, 

 with the 1^'ast Cherokee Indians in the mountains of western North 

 Carolina, among whom he had made his first field studies in 1887. 

 These Indians, numbering some 1,900, live upon a small reservation 

 in Swain and Jackson Counties with several outlying settlements 

 farther to the west. They are a ])art of the historic Cherokee Nation 

 formerly holding the whole mountain region of the southern Alleghe- 

 nies until removed by military force in 1838 to the Indian Territory, 

 where thev now number al)OUt 30,000 of ])ure or mixed blood. Those 

 in North Carolina are the descendants of some hundreds who made 

 their escape from the troops and were finally, through the good 

 offices of their friend. Col. Wm. H. Thomas, allowed to remain and 

 settle u])on lands purchased for them with their share of the fund 

 originall\- appropriated for their removal to the west. There are still 

 li\ing among them several who remember the removal. 



Constituting from the beginning the most conservative and pure- 

 blooded element of the tribe, protected by their mountain barriers 

 from outside influences and never having Ijeen sul)jected to the shock 

 of forced removal to a distant and strange environment, these East 

 Cherokees remain to-day the conservators of the ancient traditions, 

 and exemplars of the aboriginal life once common in varying degree 

 to all the tribes of the Gulf States. Lentil 1881, when the first school 

 was established, they continued virtually unchanged. Since then, 

 schools, railroads, and lumber industries have made rapid advance, 

 which, with the passing of the older generation, must before many 

 vears bring to a close the Indian period. 



