NO. 9 OLFACTORY SENSE OF INSECTS McINDOO 23 



they ap})eared entirely lifeless and the antennae were pulled off at 

 once. They revived and lived thereafter only 19 hours. When tested 

 with odors they failed to respond and like all the other bees made 

 completely abnormal, they scarcely moved when touched with a pencil. 



Since bees whose antennae are mutilated after they become adults 

 are abnormal, the antennae of 400 worker pupae were cut off. Several 

 days later these workers emerged normally from their cells, but lived 

 thereafter only 5 days. 



The funiculi of 12 workers of Formica were cut off. These ants 

 were then returned to a Fielde nest. They were slightly hostile to 

 each other and to their unmutilated sisters. They failed to eat food 

 and to catch flies, but their unmutilated sisters continually ate food 

 and soon caught flies. The funiculi of 50 more workers of Formica 

 were cut off. When returned to their cage, these ants were quite 

 irritable and invariably attacked one another, and as a result several 

 were killed. 



The funiculi of 2 soldiers, 10 large workers and 7 small workers 

 of Camponotiis were cut off. When returned to their nest these ants 

 attacked one another for three hours, then they became very inactive 

 and responded to odors only slowly. The next day they were still 

 quite inactive and " paid no attention " to anything, except when they 

 came in contact with each other, they still fought one another. When 

 tested with odors they failed to respond. At no time did they eat or 

 drink. 



The funiculi of 30 winged virgin females of Formica were cut oft". 

 When placed in experimental cases they were quit€ abnormal. Five 

 of them failed to respond to odors and scarcely moved when touched 

 with a pencil. These ants were discarded from the experiments. 

 When tested with the three essential oils, the other 25 gave a reaction 

 time of 4.38 seconds,- while the reaction time for unmutilated sister 

 females was 2.12 seconds. Confined in a Fielde nest, these mutilated 

 ants lived only 19 hours. 



The funiculi of 30 winged virgin females of Formica were covered 

 with liquid glue. These ants were completely abnormal and five 

 of them failed to respond to odors. When tested with the three essen- 

 tial oils the other 25 gave a reaction time of 5.78 seconds. They lived 

 6 days on an average. 



The flagella of 25 Vespula maculata were cut off. In behavior 

 these mutilated hornets were abnormal and lived only i day and 13 

 hours in observation cases. When tested with the three essential oils 

 some of them responded promptly ; some responded slowly, and a 

 few failed to respond at all. All of those which failed to respond to 



