WllOI.li VOL. EUROPE 485 



HELSINGFOES, FINLAND 



Lat. 60° 10' N. Long. 24° 57' E. H, = 11.7 in. 



TEMPERATURE IN DEGREES C. 



Means of (hours not given) 



Date Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Year 



1829 —11.3 —14.0 —8.9 —1.7 7.5 14.1 17.7 14.5 ]2.1 4.5 —3.5 — 6.6 2.0 



1830 — 8.9 — 8.6 —2.7 1.1 5.5 12.7 16.3 14.4 10..^ G.2 2.6 — 3.1 3.8 



1831 —11.2 — 5.2 —6.8 2.4 8.8 16.3 18.3 15.6 9.0 5.7 1.0 — 3.8 4.2 



1832 — 4.5 — 1.0 —1.7 2.6 6.8 13.7 13.5 14.4 9.0 6.8 0.2 — 2.5 4.8 



1833 — 3.4 — 5.0 —5.3 0.4 7.8 14.1 16.4 12.3 11.8 8.1 3.4 — 4.4 4.7 



1834 —10.7 — 3.6 —1.6 2.7 8.3 14.6 16.8 18.8 9.7 5.3 —1.1 — 3.4 4.7 



1835 — 3.2 — 2.1 —1.6 0.9 6.3 14.7 14.9 13.0 12.1 6.0 —2.8 —10.0 4.0 



1836 — 7.2 — 4.1 O.G 3.2 6.7 11.7 14.4 13.7 9.0 6.7 —0.7 — 4.1 4.2 



1837 — 7.2 — 2.5 — .■).G 0.6 8.2 14.1 14.7 16.2 10.2 4.8 2.8 — 4.0 4.4 



1838 — 13.6 — 12.3 —7.6 --0.2 6.8 13.0 16.8 14.0 13.7 4.2 0.0 — 2.0 2.7 



1839 — 5.3 — 6.8 —8.9 —1.1 11.2 14.1 18.3 15.6 11.4 6.8 —1.1 — 7.6 3.9 



1840 — 7.6 — 7.8 —4.8 1.0 5.6 13.1 14.0 15.5 12.6 4.9 —2.6 — 7.7 3.0 



1841 — 9.5 — 8.2 —2.9 2.8 9.5 13.6 14.4 15.5 11.2 5.5 1.1 1.0 4.5 



1842 — 5.8 — 1.8 —2.5 0.4 9.1 14.0 16.0 18.0 9.S 3.8 —1.7 0.1 4.9 



1843 — 1.5 — 3.4 —5.2 —1.1 4.5 13.4 16.5 18.0 11.0 4.5 —0.6 - 0.3 4.7 



1844 — 8.5 —15.0 —5.8 0.9 9.4 11.8 14.3 16.0 11.6 5.9 —2.1 — 7.3 2.6 



1845 — 1.4 —12.2 —8.9 —0.3 5.8 12.8 16.5 16.2 11.0 3.9 2.0 — 2.7 3.6 



1846 — 8.1 — li.4 —0.2 2.1 6.5 13.1 17.2 20.6 11.2 8.4 1.6 — 6.0 4.5 



1847 — 4.4 —11.1 —5.4 —2.4 6.6 14.6 15.5 IS.O 13.0 5.0 4.1 — 0.5 4.4 



1848 —10.8 — 3.6 —1.0 3.9 8.4 13.2 14.5 14.3 10.7 5.8 0.7 — 2.9 4.4 



1849 —10.1 — 5.3 —4.6 —0.1 8.4 11.0 14.6 15.6 10.4 4.6 0.9 — 5.6 3.3 



1850 —14.4 — 6.0 —6.8 1.2 9.0 13.2 16.9 16.9 10.3 5.3 —1.5 — 0.7 3.6 



1861 — 5.4 — 7.5 —6.6 2.9 6.5 13.4 16.0 14.1 11.3 7.2 3.0 — 0.0 4.5 



1852 — 5.2 — 9.0 —2.9 —2.4 7.6 15.4 16.5 16.2 11.4 1.4 —4.4 — 3.0 3.5 



1853 — 3.1 — 7.6 —8.2 —1.2 8.2 15.4 17.2 14.2 11.0 6.4 2.7 — 2.7 4.4 



1854 — 9.0 — 7.4 —2.9 1.6 9.7 15.3 18.5 18.1 8.9 6.7 -1.1 — 1.1 4.8 



1855 — 7.4 —12.9 —5.2 0.9 7.6 14.5 20.0 15. 10.0 6.1 —0.8 — 8.4 3.3 



1856 — 6.5 — 9.9 —7.1 0.9 6.8 12.0 15.1 12.1 9.6 5.2 —6.4 — 4..-, 2.3 



1857 — 9.4 — 3.2 —2.3 0.7 6.7 12.1 15.3 17.3 9.4 (>.'.) 0.7 — 0.4 4.5 



1858 —3.5 —5.6 —3.9 1.1 8.4 14.6 19.7 18.3 12.9 5.8 —3.8 —3.1 5.1 



1859 — 1.9 — 2.4 —2.6 1.5 9.2 15.6 16.1 14.5 11.2 4.0 1.6 — 3.4 5.3 



1860 — 4.6 — 9.0 —5.1 2.7 7.1 14.3 17.5 16.1 11.6 4.8 —1.3 — 8 3.8 



1861 —15.3 — 4.4 —1.1 0.4 5.8 15.3 19.4 15.9 9.9 7.5 —1.8 — 1.9 4.1 



1862 —14.4 —11.5 —6.2 1.2 8.0 11.6 13.1 12.9 9.9 6.0 0.2 — 5.1 2.1 



1863 — 1.1 — 2.2 —1.6 2.4 7.0 13.7 14.3 14.7 13.0 7.9 2.8 — 2,0 5.7 



1864 — 5.3 — 3.5 -2.8 2.0 4.5 14.0 17.6 12.6 10.0 1.5 —5.1 — 2.9 3.6 



1865 — 5.1 —12.4 —0.8 0.9 7.9 10.6 17.9 13.4 10.2 3.8 2.0 — 2.0 3.4 



1866 — 0.1 — 8.7 —6.8 2.2 5.7 15.2 15.0 16.0 14.3 4.9 —1.2 — 5.1 4.3 



1867 —13.6 — 5.4 —7.3 —1.1 1.8 12.2 15.4 14.8 9.2 6.2 —2.6 -10.8 1.6 



1868 —10.3 — 7.5 —2.8 1.5 8.4 13.1 18.4 18.9 11.1 6.7 —2.0 — 3.4 4.3 



1869 — 6.8 — 2.7 —2.0 2.9 7.4 12.2 16.0 15.6 10.8 5.2 —0.4 — 1.5 4.7 



1870 — 3.8 —10.3 —4.3 3.1 7.2 13.8 17.3 14.5 9.9 3.8 1.5 —11.3 3.5 



1871 — 9.1 —18.2 —0.3 —0.2 5.9 11.7 17.3 14.3 8.3 4.3 —1.7 — 5.0 2.3 



1872 — 1.6 — 5.6 —3.2 3.5 10.0 16.2 17.5 15.3 10.2 7.2 2.6 — 3.9 5.7 



1873 — 2.5 — 6.4 —3.2 0.5 6.9 14.9 18.2 14.9 12.8 6.8 —0.5 — 1.9 5.0 



1874 0.3 — 3.9 —2.5 2.1 5.7 12.4 16.3 14.1 10.8 8.8 —0.3 — 5.9 4.8 



1875 —13.1 — 6.7 —5.4 —0.8 7.4 13.6 17.2 14.8 9.4 1.9 —3.5 —11.9 1.9 



1876 — 8.6 — 8.4 —1.8 1.8 4.2 17.0 17,3 15.2 11.6 4.9 —2.9 —13.2 3.1 



1877 —81 —8.4 —7.0 —0.6 4.9 12.1 15.4 13.9 7.7 5.3 5.1 —0.3 3.3 



1878 — 5.7 — 2.9 —3.0 3.3 7.1 13.6 14.3 14.9 12.4 8.7 2.3 — 2.2 6.2 



1879 —64 —58 —3.9 1.0 S.2 13.7 16.4 19.0 12.3 ».5 —2.5 —6.2 4.2 



1880 — 6.9 — 3.5 —3.7 1.7 7.5 12.9 16.0 13.9 12.8 —0.2 —1.4 — 5.7 4.0 



