INTRODUCTION. 9 



• 



above, gave only the general classification), appeared a few montlis 

 after Meigen's work. Although acquainted with Meigen's kibors, 

 Latreille does not adopt his new genera, except Limonia. The 

 subdivision of Latreille's Tipalariee (afterwards called Dij)tera 

 nemocera) is rather confused, but the character derived from 

 the length of the last joint of the palpi, which became so im- 

 portant soon after, is introduced here. The genera with an 

 elongated last joint of the palpi are : Tipula (corresponding to 

 the present genus Ctenophora), Tanyptera (for Ctimophora 

 atrata Fabr.), and Tijchop)tera (containing species of the genus 

 Tipula and Ptychoptei-a). The genera with a short last joint 

 of the palpi are Limonia, Molohrus (Sciara), and Oligotropha 

 (Cecidomyia). 



In Latreille's next work — Genera crustaceorum et Insectorum, 

 VoL IV, 1809 — a considerable progress is apparent. Here for 

 the first time, the family Tijndidae in our sense is distinguished 

 as a separate tribe Tipidarise terricolx, co-ordinate to the 

 Tipularise aquaticse (Culex, Chirononius), fungivorse and 

 Jiorales. The Tipularise terricolse, characterized by the struc- 

 ture of their antennce, the absence of ocelli and the length of 

 their feet, are divided into two groups, according to the length 

 of the last joint of the palpi. The group with an elongated joint 

 is composed of the genera Ctenophora, Pedicia, Tipula, Neph.ro- 

 toma, Ptychoptera; the group with a short joint, of Limonia and 

 Hexatoma (now Anisoviera). Limonia which, in the sense of 

 the author, includes Trichocera and Erioptera, is further sub- 

 divided in four sections, based upon the structure of the antennge 

 and the venation. Among the genera Pedicia and Hexatoma 

 are new. 



The name Diptera nemocera has been proposed for the first 

 time by Latreille in 1817, in \\\q Nouveau Dictionnaire d^ Hidoire 

 naturelle, in the articles Dipteres and Entomologie. 



Fabricius's principal work on Diptera, published in the mean 

 time — Systema Antliatorum, 1805 — did not add anything of im- 

 portance to the knowledge of the distribution of the Tipulidse. 



In Meigen's great work — Systematische Beschreihung der 

 bekannlen Europciisclien zweijlugligen Insecten — the first volume 

 of which, containing the Tipulidse, appeared in 1818, the Diptera 

 nemocera were called Tipidarise (Miicken), and subdivided in 

 the sections : culiciformes (now Culicidoe and Chironomida?), 



