10. The color of the uatcr frhoukl be noted as this may be 

 imiiortant in connexion with currents, shoals, &c. Extensive 

 tracts of green water have been reported, lying at some distance 

 off the coast and extending as high uj) as Queen Charlotte Is- 

 lands. The existence or non-existence of these should be de- 

 termined as far as possible. 



11. After a storm, measure the height of the waves by as- 

 cending the shrouds to an elevation which shall just bring the 

 line of vision of the distant horizon over the crest of the wave, 

 while the ship is in the hollow. Note time when high waves are 

 observed without a storm, and also their direction ; they give indi- 

 cations of a storm having occurred at a distance. 



12. Note the ai:)pearance of the sky over stream like that of 

 the Gulf Avhen at a distance from them on either side, also, 

 whether water-spovits occur more frequently within their limits 

 than in other parts of the ocean. Make frequent observations 

 of the surface temperature on approaching and leaving the 

 streams, also their width. 



13. Carefully note the time and place of entering and leaving 

 the northeast trade-winds. 



14. The direction of the motion of the highest fleecy clouds is 

 important, and should be entered whenever they are seen. The 

 direction of the lower clouds, as well as the surface wind, should 

 be noted. 



15. In recording fogs, when they are at a short distance, give the 

 height of the upper and lower surface when not resting on the 

 W'ater, and be careful to note the temperature of the air and 

 water before and after entering. In sailing near the laud ob- 

 serve the condition of light-houses in regard to fogs — whether 

 the top or bottom of the tower first becomes visible, as seen 

 across the fog. 



16. Hazy weather is sometimes produced by what is 

 called dry fogs, which may be due to volcanic dust or other 

 solid substance in powder. If anything of this kind be deposited 

 on deck, specimens should be carefully collected and preserved. 



17. Note the points along the western coast of Central America 

 where the trade-wind from the east blows strongly across the 

 Isthmus to the Pacific as Avell as the direction and intensity of 

 this wind. 



18. In the case of thunder-storms note the direction from 



