WHOLE VOL, SKELETAL REMAINS OF EARLY MAN HRDLICKA 35 



sharply-bound, flat plane, of which I have never seen a counterpart 

 in human jaws, not even in those of the Neanderthal and other old 

 periods. Nevertheless intimate association of this lower jaw with the 

 other remains attributed to the Pithecanthropus must for the time 

 being remain merely conjectural. 



THE FINDS AT TRINIL 

 THE FIRST TOOTH 



The first report by Dr. Dubois on the finds relating more directly 

 to the Pithecanthropus, appears in his chapter on " Palaeontological 

 Researches," in the " Verslag van het Mijnwezen," Batavia, for the 

 third quarter of 1891, pp. 13-14. Speaking of the work near " Tinil " 

 (later Trinil), he says: "The most remarkable find however was a 

 molar (the upper third permanent molar of the right side) of a 

 chimpanzee (Anthropopitliccus) . This genus of anthropoid apes, 

 now found only in the western and central equatorial Africa, lived 

 in the Pliocene in India and also, as this discovery shows, in the 

 Pleistocene period in Java." 



THE SKULLCAP 



In his report for the fourth quarter of 1891 {ibid., 13-15). Dr. 

 Dubois announces the discovery of the skullcap, gives the first notes 

 and measurements on it, and attempts its classification. The com- 

 munication is of much interest. He says : " The Pleistocene fauna 

 of Java, which in September of this year was augmented by a molar 

 of a chimpanzee, was much further enriched a month later. Close 

 to the spot in the left bank of the river where the molar appeared, 

 there was unearthed a fine skullcap which, with even less doubt 

 than the molar, may be attributed to the genus Anthropopithecus 

 troglodytes. That both the specimens come from a great manlike ape, 

 is at once clear. The tooth differs from the third upper molar of the 

 living chimpanzee only by a slightly greater size. The skull may 

 readily be distinguished from that of the orang through its greater 

 dolichocephaly, and from that of the gorilla through the absence of 

 cranial crests, which are so pronounced in this most bellicose of the 

 living anthropoids and are also still fully represented in the chimpan- 

 zee. About the genus [of the form represented by the new finds] 

 there can thus be no doubt. As to the species, the skull differs from 

 that of the living chimpanzee by its greater size and its higher vault- 

 ing. Its greatest length is 18.2 cm., greatest breadth 13.3 cm." 



