WHOLE VOL. SKELETAL REMAINS OF EARLY MAN HRDLICKA 43 



cranium was discovered, as well as from other considerations, it is 

 very unlikely that the two specimens helonged to the same individual." 



The fossil tooth (r. u. M 3), while very remarkahle, " is fashioned 

 more after the human model than simian. 



'* From what has been said, it will be seen that the skull and the 

 tooth, even granting that they are from the same individual, present 

 no such characters as would warrant the formation of a new family. 

 The cranium at least is undoubtedly human. Most certainly they are 

 not derived from a transition form between any of the existing an- 

 thropoid apes and man ; such a form does not and cannot exist, seeing 

 that the divarication of the ape and man has taken place low down 

 in the genealogical tree, and each has followed, for good or bad, 

 its own path. The so-called Pithecanthropus is in the direct human 

 line, although it occupies a place on this considerably lower than 

 any human form at present known." 



For Sir William Turner," it was not at all certain that the three 

 bones belonged to the same creature. A comparison of the skull with 

 several specimens of the skulls of aboriginals, left him unconvinced 

 that it might not have belonged to a human being. The features of 

 the femur could all be made out in a large collection of human thigh 

 bones, and the tooth had quite as much resemblance to the tooth of a 

 human being as to the tooth of an ape. He considered that the remains 

 were of a low human type. 



Nehring, in his discussion of the Dubois paper in Berlin, December 

 T4, 1895 (Z. Ethn., 1895, Vol. z-j, pp. 738-739), views the matter in a 

 dilferent light ; he says : " I hold it as very probable that the cranium 

 and the thigh bone, as well as both teeth, belong together " ; but it 

 remains uncertain whether the remains may represent a being in 

 direct or a collateral line to man. 



Rudolf Virchow, finally, has come to the following conclusions 

 (Z. Ethn., 1895, Vol. 27, several papers; esp. p. 744): "that the 

 skullcap had not belonged to a man, but that much more it shows 

 the greatest resemblances with the skullcap of a Hylobates " ; and he 

 is of the opinion that " in accord with all the rules of classification 

 this being [represented by the skullcap] was an animal and that an 

 ape." The teeth appeared to Virchow more ape-like than human. 

 The femur, notwithstanding its resemblance to the human, " shows in 

 its straightness, as in the rounding of its diaphysis, particularly in 

 its lower part, so many agreements with the femur of a gibbon, that 



^ Turner, Wm., On M. Dubois' description of remains recently found in Java, 

 with remarks on so-called transitional forms between Apes and Man. Journ. 

 Anat. and Phys., Vol. 24, p. 424, 1895. 



