68 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL.83 



Besides the human remains, we found two small broken pieces of a molar 

 tooth of a rather early Pliocene type of elephant, also a much-rolled cusp 

 of a molar of Mastodon, portions of two teeth of Hippopotamus, and two molar 

 teeth of a Pleistocene beaver. In the adjacent field to the west, on the surface 

 close to the hedge dividing it from the gravel bed, we found portions of a red 

 deer's antler and the tooth of a Pleistocene horse. These may have been 

 thrown away by the workmen, or may have been turned up by a plough which 

 traversed the upper strata of the continuation of this gravel bed. Among the 

 fragments of bone found in the spoil heaps occurred part of a deer's meta- 

 tarsal, split longitudinally. This bone bears upon its surface certain small cuts 

 and scratches which appear to have been made by man. All the specimens are 

 highly mineralized with iron oxide 



Among the flints we found several undoubted flint implements, besides numer- 

 ous Eoliths 



From the above Mr. Dawson believed himself justified in drawing 

 the following conclusions : 



It is clear that this stratified gravel at Piltdown is of Pleistocene age, but 

 that it contains in its lowest stratum animal remains derived from some de- 

 stroyed Pliocene deposit probably situated not far away and consisting of 

 worn and broken fragments. These were mixed with fragments of early 

 Pleistocene mammalia in a better state of preservation, and both forms were 

 associated with the human skull and mandible, which show no more wear and 

 tear than they might have received in situ. Associated with these animal 

 remains are Eoliths, both in a rolled and an unrolled condition ; the former are 

 doubtless derived from an older drift, and the latter in their present form are 

 of the age of the existing deposit. In the same bed, in only a very slightly 

 higher stratum, occurred a flint implement, the workmanship of which resem- 

 bles that of implements found at Chelles, and among the spoil heaps were 

 found others of a similar, though perhaps earlier, stage. 



From these facts it appears probable that the skull and mandible cannot 

 safely be described as being of earlier date than the first half of the Pleisto- 

 cene (or Glacial) epoch. The individual probably lived during a warm cycle 

 of that age. 



ADDITIONAL FINDS 



In 191 5, before the same Geological Society, London, Mr. Dawson 

 and Dr. Woodward report " On a bone implement from Piltdown." * 

 It was found during the excavations of 1914, 



.... about a foot below the surface, in dark vegetable soil, beneath the hedge 

 which bounds the gravel-pit, and within three or four feet of the spoil-heap 

 whence we obtained the right parietal bone of the human skull. On being 

 washed away, the soil left not the slightest stain on the specimen, which was 

 covered with firmly-adherent pale-yellow sandy clay, closely similar to that 

 of the flint-bearing layer at the bottom of the gravel. The bone, therefore, 

 cannot have lain buried in the soil for any long period, and was almost cer- 

 tainly thrown there by the workmen with the other useless debris when they 



* Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc, Vol. 71, pp. 144-149, i pi., i fig., 1915. 



