WHOLE VOL. SKELETAL REMAINS OF EARLY MAN HRDLICKA 69 



were digging gravel from the adjacent hole. It is much mineralized with oxide 

 of iron, at least on the surface, and it agrees in appearance with some small 

 fragments of bone which we found actually in place in the clay below the 

 gravel. Its surface is yellowish brown, the cut facets being slightly darker than 

 the rest ; but the bony tissue within is yellowish or creamy white, and the whole 

 is much less darkly stained than the bones from the gravel immediately above. 

 As it lay in the rock it was broken across at its middle, and the two broken 

 faces are stained like, the rest of the bone ; at its thinner end it was accidentally 

 shattered by our workman's pick. 



The implement is a stout and nearly straight narrow plate of bone, 41 cm. 

 long and varying from 9 cm. to 10 cm. in width, with the thicker end artificially 

 pointed or keeled, the thinner end artificially rounded. 



The bone is evidently a portion of a femur of a large proboscidean. 



In 191 7, finally, Dr. Woodward reports to the Geological Society 

 the find by Mr. Dawson, on a field two miles distant from the original 

 discovery, of two fragments of a second fossil skull and an additional 

 molar. The main part of the report reads as follows: * 



The wide distribution of the Piltdown gravel, as determined by its charac- 

 teristic brown flints, was shown by Mr. Dawson in his map of 1912. It could 

 easily be traced in the ploughed fields of the district ; but, notwithstanding the 

 most careful and persistent search, it yielded no fossils, except at the original 

 locality, until the winter of 1914-15. One large field, about two miles from the 

 Piltdown pit, had especially attracted Mr. Dawson's attention, and he and I 

 examined it several times without success during the spring and autumn of 

 1914. When, however, in the course of farming, the stones had been raked off 

 the ground and brought together into heaps, Mr. Dawson was able to search 

 the material more satisfactorily; and early in 1915 he was so fortunate as to 

 find here two well-fossilized pieces of human skull and a molar tooth, which he 

 immediately recognized as belonging to at least one more individual of 

 Eoanthropus daivsoni. Shortly afterwards, in the same gravel, a friend met 

 with part of the lower molar of an indeterminable species of rhinoceros, as 

 highly mineralized as the specimens previously found at Piltdown itself. 



The most important fragment of human skull is part of the supraorbital region 

 of a right frontal bone adjacent to the middle line. It is in exactly the same 

 mineralized condition as the original skull of Eoanthropus, and deeply stained 

 with iron-oxide. It is also similarly thickened, exhibiting the characteristic very 

 fine diploe with comparatively thin outer and inner tables of dense bone 



The second fragment of human skull is the middle part of an occipital bone, 

 which is also well fossilized, but seems to have been weathered since it was 

 derived from the gravel. Though still stout, it is thinner than the corresponding 

 bone of Eoanthropus from Piltdown, and differs from the latter in at least one 

 important respect 



The tooth, discovered by Mr. Dawson in the same locality as the two pieces 

 of bone, is a left first lower molar agreeing very closely with that of the original 

 specimen of Eoanthropus dawsoni, but more obliquely worn by mastication. 

 It is equally well fossilized, and stained brown with oxide of iron in the usual 

 manner. 



* Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc, Vol. yz, Pt. I, P- 3, 1917. 



