98 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 83 



shallowness of the notch, in the thickness of the jaw, and in the 

 breadth of the dental arch. The Eskimo jaw equals or nearly equals 

 the Mauer mandible in the breadth of the ramus, in thickness at the 

 first molar, in the median length of the dental arch, and in the com- 

 bined length of the three molars. The Eskimo jaw exceeds the Mauer 

 specimen in the bigonial breadth, in the height of the ramus, in the 

 angle (more oblique), in the breadth of the condyles, in the depth of 

 the notch, and in the height of the corpus throughout its extent. The 

 teeth of the Eskimo jaw, while large, have nothing of the primitive 

 characteristics of those in the fossil specimen. 



Schoetensack has compared the Mauer specimen with all other 

 fossil human jaws known up to 1908, the date of the publication of 

 his Memoir. He found it to be more primitive on the whole than any 

 other of these specimens and to represent more ancestral conditions. 



CONCLUDING REMARKS 



The carefulness of the workmen in the Mauer sand deposits has 

 been redoubled since the find of the jaw, and the locality has also been 

 subjected to considerable scientific attention, but thus far without 

 further important result so far as human remains are concerned. The 

 specimen found in 1907 became evidently mingled accidentally, and 

 while still fairly fresh, with the ancient alluvia, wherein by rare good 

 fortune it was perfectly preserved. Its eventual location was appar- 

 ently not near a site of the man it represents, for the Mauer sands 

 and gravels have so far yielded no human artifacts. There can be 

 but little hope that other parts of the same skull or skeleton will ever 

 be recovered ; but it is not impossible that the large early accumula- 

 tions of the Elsenz Valley may inclose and some day yield parts of 

 some equally early individual which will throw further light on the 

 physical organization of this most interesting ancient representative 

 of humankind. 



THE RHODESIAN MAN' 



On June 17, 1921, a very remarkable human skull was discovered 

 in the Broken Hill Mine, Northern Rhodesia. It was the skull of a 

 man whose features were in many ways so primitive that nothing 

 quite like it had been seen before ; and coming from a part of the 

 world which hitherto had given nothing similar and in which nothing 

 of that nature was ever suspected, it aroused much scientific attention. 



'This section represents a part of the results of the author's Smithsonian- 

 Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences Expedition, 1925. 



