WHOr.E VOL. SKELETAL REMAINS OF EARLY MAN HRDLICKA 121 



temporal areas, however, clearly differentiate it from the Neanderthal type and 

 reveal a condition of affairs definitely more primitive. The defective development 

 of the brain cannot be the result of a secondary degradation, because its features 



conform so strictly to the primitive type It can be said with confidence 



that the Rhodesian cast reveals features definitely more primitive than those of 

 the Neanderthal species. 



The maximum length of the cerebral hemisphere is 17.0 cm., and 

 the maximum breadth 13.5 cm. (at the posterior extremity of the 

 temporal region) ; Cerebral Breadth-Length Index 79.4. 



The details given are rather meagre and relate principally to the 

 apparent localized deficiencies. " It is this defective development of 

 certain areas that differentiates the Rhodesian brain from that of the 

 Neanderthal series, and, with various cranial characters, justifies the 

 creation of a new species [genus?] of a more primitive rank." 



PATHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE SKULL 



In the anterior part of the left mastoid are the apparent marks 

 of mastoiditis, and a small hole appears in the left temporal squama. 

 Dr. Yearsley summarizes the results of his study as follows : 



The conclusions to be drawn from a study of this remarkable specimen of 

 prehistoric pathology must necessarily be hypothetical. The most plausible hy- 

 pothesis that I can form is that the subject was a sufferer for a considerable 

 period from chronic sepsis, as evidenced by the state of the teeth and alveolar 

 border and the fact that the tibia shows signs of periarthritis or arthritis. The 

 chronic septic condition of the mouth led to suppurative middle ear disease, com- 

 plicated with mastoid abscess. That this abscess broke through the cortex at 

 the base of the mastoid and tracked upwards into the temporal fossa along the 

 line of least resistance, and that it broke later through the tip of the process, 

 tracked down the neck into the thorax and thus caused death. 



It is strongly presumptive that the perforation B is not an instance of primi- 

 tive " trepanning," but was due to a wound inflicted by some sharp instrument 

 during life and was not the cause of death. 



THE TEETH 



Concerning the teeth. Dr. Carter gives but one conclusion, which is 

 that : " The dentition is essentially human." 



He gives such few measurements of the teeth as their diseased 

 or worn condition permits. 



THE STONE IMPLEMENTS 



Dr. Smith's note on these specimens is brief, the material offering 

 but little variety. The essentials of his reywrt are so succinct that they 

 may be given in full. He states : 



The largest chert flake is roughly oval and three inches long ; another is shaped 

 rather like a Le Moustier "point," and a third (honey-coloured) looks like a 



