124 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 83 



some diseased conditions ; and it cannot be diagnosed as a rever- 

 sion. It represents a distinct crude variety of man, which strangely 

 combines many ancient, even pre-Neanderthal conditions with others 

 that are relatively modern. It could represent, conceivably, a very 

 brutish individual development of the upper Neanderthal or the post- 

 Neanderthal period. 



The most striking features of the skull are its huge supraorbital 

 ridges. They are not far from twice as stout as in the Neanderthalers. 

 Moreover, they are stouter in their middle third, especially in the 

 region corresponding to that of the supraorbital foramen. They 

 measure near glabella, 21 mm.; in the region of the supraorbital 

 foramen, R. 23, L. 24 mm. ; and above the outer third of the orbit, 

 R. 21, L. 20 mm. ; maximum transverse diameter, 14 cm. The 

 external biorbital diameter, between the outermost parts of the 

 fronto-malar sutures, is only 13.4 cm., showing the amount by which 

 the tori bulge over these articulations. No such huge welts have ever 

 been seen in any other human specimen, nor even, if their thickness 

 alone is considered, in the anthropoid apes. They constitute a huge 

 exaggeration of this ancient primate masculine character. 



Yet these ridges are already human rather than anthropoid in 

 character. They do not form such a transverse promontory above the 

 orbits with but a moderate median depression, as they do in the 

 chimpanzee or the gorilla, but show a very marked dip downward 

 at the glabella, approaching thus somewhat nearer to the condition 

 seen in adult male orangs. Moreover while the surface of this supra- 

 orbital promontory faces forward or nearly so in the Rhodesian 

 skull passing from the interorbital process outward, it becomes more 

 and more everted until in its distal portion it looks considerably 

 upward. In this respect it differs from the ridges of both the apes 

 and the Neanderthalers, where such eversion is not present. 



The glabella is carried considerably forward and is convex above ; 

 and posterior to the glabella is a broad depression from side to side, 

 having a distant resemblance to this region in the female gorilla or 

 chimpanzee ; but there is no antero-posterior depression, the mid-line 

 of the very low frontal continuing without, or with but a trace of, 

 a sagging down to the glabella. Due to the arching of the ridges there 

 is, however, a shallow antero-posterior depression above the outer 

 two-thirds of the ridges ; if the forehead was higher this depression 

 would be doubtless even more marked, as it is in most of the Neander- 

 thal skulls. 



The slope of the forehead is as great as it is in some of the apes. 

 It is diminished somewhat by a fairly marked metopic ridge which, 

 stouter at the lower portion of the frontal squama, gradually broadens 



