126 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 83 



modern skulls of similar cranial index. The temporal bones are rela- 

 tively well developed. The mastoid is much larger than in the Ne- 

 anderthal male skulls; it is as long and large as in modern strong 

 male crania, but its inferior extremity, instead of being more or less 

 pointed, is bulky and dull. Anteriorly, just behind the auditory 

 meatus, it shows a rather large lesion (mastoiditis ?). The base of 

 the zygoma is broad (3.2 cm.) ; but the zygoma itself is not excessively 

 heavy. The external auditory meatus is in size, shape, and axis like 

 that of modern man. 



The occipital region resembles in the main that of the Neander- 

 thalers, though it is not so relatively broad superiorly as in the latter 

 and is somewhat fuller beneath the lambdoid suture, approaching 

 thus somewhat more that of modern man. But the transverse torus 

 is much more developed than that in any other early skull ; passing 

 completely across the occipital, there are traces of its prolongation on 

 each side along the lambdoid suture to the region of the mastoid. 

 Portions of such a torus as highly developed are found in primitive 

 modern skulls (there are three such in the collections in the U. S. 

 National Museum) ; but a complete ridge of this nature cannot be 

 matched either in recent or in early crania. 



Below the ridge there is a modern bilateral concavity from above 

 downward, though slightly convex from side to side ; and this passes 

 on to the very moderately convex (on each side) broad plane below. 

 These conditions approach markedly those in adult gorillas, differing 

 much from those of recent man and also from those in the chimpan- 

 zee and orang. The conditions resemble but exceed those in the 

 Neanderthal skulls in which these parts are preserved. 



The bones of the skull, as seen on the right side, a part of which 

 is missing, are seen to be strong, yet not excessively thick. The thick- 

 ness of the right parietal squama ranges from 6 to 10 mm. This is 

 somewhat less than in the thickest Neanderthals, and is equalled in 

 some massive, non-pathological primitive skulls of today. 



The face. — The orbits are large, deep and of irregular angular 

 outline; yet they are more human than anthropoid. The upper 

 borders, in particular, are stout and uneven. The interorbital septum 

 is very stout (min. diam. 35 mm.). 



Dimensions of the orbits : cm. cni. 



Height 4.0 3.9 



Breadth ^ 4.6 4.5 



Index 86.9 86.7 



' From slightly above dacryon ; at dacryon the borders of the orbits are slightly 

 closer together. 



