WHOLE VOL. SKELETAL REMAINS OF EARLY MAN HRDLICKA 1 27 



Through the heavy arches the planes of the orbits are concave 

 from above downward, the upper part being more forward than in 

 modern skulls ; and the plane is also somewhat more inclined out- 

 wards and backwards than it is in recent crania. This is much as 

 in the Neanderthalers. The nasal bones are of about medium breadth 

 but rather long, and the nasal bridge was of but very moderate 

 height. The line from glabella to the end of the nasals is regularly 

 and fairly deeply concave. The malar bones, while stout, are relatively 

 low for a male ; and they show but very moderate prominence for- 

 ward. As in the Neanderthalers they have broad and stout frontal 

 processes, the outer surface of which points appreciably more out- 

 ward (or less forward) than in most modern crania. This, curiously, 

 is not an anthropoid character, for in the adult anthropoids the 

 surface of these processes points nearly directly forward. 



The zygomatic process was somewhat narrower than the frontal. 

 This again is nearer the present human than an anthropoid condition. 

 Another plainly human feature is the antero-posterior diameter of 

 the malars which, relatively short in the anthropoids, especially the 

 gorilla and orang, is here of about the same relatively greater length 

 as in modern human skulls. The masseteric border, while much 

 stouter than in modern skulls, shows no protrusion forward and 

 downward anteriorly, so that there is an even line from the maxilla 

 to the zygoma. The lower borders of the orbits in the Rhodesian 

 skull are relatively liigher, in relation to the nasal parts, than they 

 are in modern crania. In this the skull is nearer to that of the 

 chimpanzee than are modern human skulls (in the orang and es- 

 pecially the gorilla the orbits are still relatively higher). The 

 Neanderthalers show more or less similarity in this respect to the 

 Rhodesian man. The cause of this relatively high position of the 

 orbits is the great development of the maxilla, with an accompanying 

 prolongation of the nose, in these primitive skulls. 



The zygomatic arches are of but moderate width for such a 

 huge skull, and the aperture for the tem{3oral muscle is not large, 

 being even slightly smaller than in some modern skulls. This is com- 

 pletely different from anthropoid conditions, where this ai>erture is 

 invariably very large. The whole zygomatic arch is short, about as 

 in modern man, and widely different again from that of the anthro- 

 jxiids. The suborbital surface of the maxillae and especially the 

 frontal portions of these bones are full, approaching closely those of 

 the Neanderthalers. The naso-frontal portions of the maxillae are as 

 if moderately blown out from behind. The middle portion of the 

 maxillary surface shows a very mild depression on the right, none on 

 the left — a merest trace of the modern suborbital (canine) fossa. 



