128 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 83 



The nasal aperture is somewhat ape-Hke. It is broad and rather 

 rounded in outline, as in some chimpanzees and gorillas. The nasal 

 spine is bifid, dull, and but moderately developed, not more so than 

 in some anthropoids ; and the borders of the notches show a dull 

 grooving and ridging rising internally to beyond the middle of the 

 lateral borders of the aperture — a simian (especially gorilloid) con- 

 dition. As a whole the aperture ranges itself with those of the Gi- 

 braltar, La Chapelle, and some other Neanderthaler skulls. 



The upper alveolar process is relatively enormous. It is higher 

 and broader than in the anthropoids, and higher and broader than 

 in any human skull seen thus far. The height from the alveolar point 

 (lowest point between median incisors) to the lowest point of the 

 nasal border on each side is 37 mm., while the maximum external 

 breadth of the dental arch (discounting all pathological swellings) 

 is 80 mm. or slightly over. There is a marked facial and especially 

 alveolar prognathism. 



The palate, dental arch, and teeth. — The palate is very high, 

 spacious, broad in front and close to U-shaped. The alveolar process 

 is strong, yet not excessively stout ; it could be matched in strong 

 male modern skulls. The teeth were 16 in number, regularly dis- 

 posed ; but their condition, both morphologically and as to preserva- 

 tion, is most interesting. The teeth are moderately macrodont by our 

 present scale. The rear teeth are moderately, the frontal teeth mark- 

 edly, worn. The canines were evidently as in modern man — their 

 roots are but little stouter than those of the adjacent pre-molars. The 

 molars show a marked diminution of both M 3 as in more recent 

 crania. 



Pathologically, the teeth show a unique condition for primitive 

 skulls, viz., extensive caries. At least nine of the teeth had ad- 

 vanced decay, in half of the cases nothing remaining but a small shell 

 of the tooth. The destruction is such that there is no other explana- 

 tion. In addition there were some root abscesses and probably some 

 pyorrhea. On both sides externally in the molar region there are 

 irregular hyperostoses which, with some on the lingual side, may be 

 of the ordinary strengthening variety, but may in part also be patho- 

 logical. 



The posterior nares and the surrounding parts are entirely human, 

 except that the nares are somewhat more oblique (lower borders more 

 forward) than they are in man of today. 



The base. — The basal parts show a number of points of interest. 

 The basilar process is relatively short and flat, and shows anteriorly 

 a well marked pharyngeal fossa. The petrous portions show decidedly 



