170 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 83 



ADDITIONAL EXPLORATIONS AND FINDS AT GIBRALTAR 



Between 1863 ond 1866 Professor G. Busk explored a number of 

 caves at and in the vicinity of Gibraltar. In these he collected several 

 skulls and a series of bones, all of which, however, belonged to the 

 Neolithic age. Busk reported on his work before the Prehistoric 

 Congress of Norwich in 1868; and a report on the bones and skulls, 

 together with the measurements of the latter, is given by Paul 

 Broca (Bull. Soc. Anthrop., Paris, 1869, Vol. 4, pp. 145-158). 



In 1910 and again in 191 1, W. L. H. Duckworth, of the Cambridge 

 University, visited Gibraltar for the purpose of obtaining, if possible, 

 additional information about the old skulls, and of making further 

 exploration. The results are published in two reports.' He found 

 that Forbes' Quarry still existed, though, having been worked at 

 intervals since 1848, its boundaries were larger. The quarry, as origi- 

 nally noted, is under the north front of the Rock of Gibraltar. The 

 rock at this ix)int contained still a remnant of a cave, which was not 

 more than about 30 feet above sea level and " was probably the result 

 of marine erosion at a remote epoch ; and at a remote epoch also, the 

 mouth of this cave must have been closed, until it was reopened by 

 the quarrymen." It was in all probability this cave in which the skull 

 was discovered. A partial exploration of the cave and the neighboring 

 talus was barren so far as remains of man were concerned. A second 

 cave in the rock, explored by Dr. Duckworth, gave remains of the 

 Neolithic period. 



In the latter part of 1910, a stone-slide obstructed both the quarry 

 and the cave, making the latter accessible only with great difficulty. 

 The work of 191 1 added but little of importance to that of 1910. 

 But one of the caverns (Sewell's Cave) yielded, with others, some 

 Mousterian, Aurignacian, Solutrean, and even Magdalenian, stone 

 implements. 



EXPLORATIONS BY ABBE BREUIL 



In 1917 parts of the Rock of Gibraltar and the neighborhood were 

 investigated by Abbe Breuil. During this work the Abbe discovered 

 near the " Devil's Tower " a rough rock shelter which gave indications 

 of paleolithic man. This site, in 1926, was explored in detail by Miss 

 D. A. E. Garrod; and it was here that in June, 1926, Miss Garrod 

 found, enclosed in rock, the skull of a child, proceeding evidently 

 from the IMousterian period. This skull will be described later. 



* Duckworth, W. L. H., Cave Exploration at Gibraltar in September, 1910. 

 Journ. Roy. Anthrop. Inst., Vol. 41, pp. 350-380, London, 1911 ; Cave Explora- 

 tion at Gibraltar in 1911. Ibid., Vol. 42, pp. 515-528, 1912. 



