WHOLE VOL. SKELETAL REMAINS OF EARLY MAN ITRDLICKA 1 73 



The total number of implements and flakes recovered was small — 

 less than 500, the majority in quartzite, the rest in flint, chert, and 

 jasper. There were also two fragments of bone compressors. 



The industry of layers i and 2, and the implements found in the " wash " have 

 a well-marked Upper Mousterian character. Specially typical are the utilized 

 bones, the curved points of Audi type, the narrow well-made straight points, the 

 preponderance of scrapers, and the high proportion of flakes so slender that they 

 may fairly be described as blades. The industry of the lower levels is so poor 

 as to be in no way typical, but the presence of a graver in layer 4, taken together 

 with the general uniformity of technique throughout the site, and the absence 

 of more archaic forms in the " wash," suggests that these, too, belong to the 

 Upper Mousterian. 



The fauna, too, as determined by Miss Bate, was much the same 

 at all levels. The mammals, found in the various layers (except the 

 seal and the elephant which occurred in the raised beach), included 

 the following: 



Talpa europea Eliomys querciniis 



Crocidura riissula Apodemus sylvaticus 



Myotis, of. myotis Arvicola sp. 



Nyctinoinus tcniotis Pitymys sp. 



Canis lupus Microtus brecciensis 



Ursus arctos Hystrix cristata 



Meles meles Sus scrofa 



Hyaena crocuta Ccrvus elaphus 



Felis pardus Bos, cf. priniigenius 



Felts, cf. sylvestris Capra pyrenaica 



Lynx pardellus Equus sp. 



Monachus albiveiitcr Elcphas sp. 

 Oryctolagus cuniculus 



There were also the remains of numerous birds, a tortoise, a few 

 fish, and many shells of both marine and land molluscs. 



The human skull was found in the travertine of layer 4. under the 

 following conditions, according to Miss Garrod : 



Towards the end of May, 1926, I was obliged to put a heavy charge of blast- 

 ing gelatine into the rock (B) which blocked the terrace in front of the cave. 

 This rock ran obliquely downward from the middle of layer 2 to the base of 

 layer 4, and when it was blown up the explosion opened a large number of cracks 

 in the surrounding travertine. Into these cracks wedges were inserted, and the 

 travertine, which at this point was very hard, was removed in great blocks which 

 were afterwards broken up with a hammer. On June nth a big lump was 

 removed slightly to the west of the gap left by rock (B), and 5-50 m. from the 

 cave-mouth. On examining the face of the travertine left in place I noticed a 

 thin edge of bone in the section, about 10 cm. from the surface of the layer. The 

 surrounding deposit was very much cracked, and, after prizing open the cracks 

 with a tool, I was eventually able to remove with my hands a chunk of traver- 

 tine to the under surface of which adhered the bone of which I had seen the edge. 



