WHOLE VOL. SKELETAL REMAINS OF EARLY MAN HRDLICKA I75 



very unusual The dimensions and form of the brain-case, especially the 



expansion of the frontal area, are beyond the range of Neanderthal man, as 

 hitherto discovered, if we make the same allowance for age that we should do 

 in the case of a modern child. These conditions suggest a brain-case built more 



after the fashion of modern than of Neanderthal man The teeth of our 



specimen closely resemble in size and shape those usually associated with Nean- 

 derthal man. The face and jaws must therefore necessarily be close to the typi- 

 cal Neanderthal form. The brain-case is, however, different from the type form, 

 because the underlying structure, the brain, was larger. 



TABLE OF MEASUREMENTS 

 (By Buxton) 



cm. 



Nasion to lambda 16.7 Measurements of thickness of calva- 



Glabella to lambda 16.9 rium : 



Ophryon to lambda 16.4 (i) Along fractured edge of left 



Nasion-bregma arc 1 1.6 parietal : 



Nasion-bregma chord 10.2 mm. 



Bregma-lambda arc ii.o (a) At coronal suture 4.4 



Bregma-lambda chord lo.i (b) At lambdoid suture... 4.0 



Frontal width, min 10.4 (?) (c) 5 mm. post, to coronal 



Frontal width, max 12.5 suture (max. thick- 

 Greatest breadth 15.0 (?) ness) 4.9 



Interfronto-malar width 9.25 (2) Elsewhere on parietal : 



Intraorbital width 2.45 (a) Opposite parietal emi- 



Bicondylar width 10.2 (?) nences 4.9 



Condylo-symphyseal length.. 8.1 (?) (b) In center of parieto- 



Symphyseal height 2.1 squamous suture 5-i 



Orbital width (from fronto- (3) Thickness of frontal bone at 



malar to fronto-nasal su- bregma 50 



ture) : 



Right 3.4 



Left 3-5 



THE BRAIN 



The brain of the Gibraltar child, as shown by the endocranial cast, 

 has been studied by Elliot Smith. His observations are of much 

 interest. In all the other endocranial casts of Neanderthal man. 

 he says, 



there is an obvious lack of fullness in the prefrontal, and less distinctly, superior 

 parietal, areas of the brain. But in the endocranial cast of the skull from Devil's 

 Tower these regions are fuller, and seem to present a marked contrast to the 

 meagreness that strikes the eye in the case of all the other Ncanderthaloid casts, 

 in particular those of the Galilee and La Quina skulls. In fact the general con- 

 tour of the cast suggests the possibility that the unusual fullness may be due to 

 hydrocephalus ; but the distinctness of the ridges corresponding to the convolu- 

 tions and the depth of the intervening sulci render the pathological explanation 

 improbable. 



