176 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL, 83 



The point of chief interest about this brain is, 



the high development of the prefrontal area. Although the prefrontal territory 

 in the cast of the La Chapelle-aux-Saints skull appears to be both longer and 

 higher than that of the Devil's Tower specimen, the latter differs from the 

 former (and, in fact, from all the other Neanderthaloid specimens) in not exhib- 

 iting any depression (or obvious appearance of ill-development) in contrast to 

 the precentral area of the cast. In other words, the front part of the brain of 

 the Devil's Tower specimen presents at first sight a curiously modern appear- 

 ance that sharply contrasts with the configuration of the other Neanderthal 

 casts — and, in particular, with such examples as those obtained from the Galilee 

 and La Quina skulls, in which the prefrontal area is so obviously diminutive and 

 shrunken 



The brain of the infant from the Devil's Tower exhibits another feature of 

 some interest. There is an exceptionally large gap between the inferior tem- 

 poral convolution and the cerebellum on the right side (the only side from which 

 the temporal bone was recovered). Moreover, the under-surface of the inferior 

 temporal convolution is deeply hollowed and its margin bevelled. These facts 

 suggest an exceptionally poor development of the temporal region comparable 

 to the conditions revealed by the Piltdown and Rhodesian skulls. 



Summing up the general conclusions to be drawn from the study of the endo- 

 cranial cast, we may conclude that the child whose remains were found at the 

 Devil's Tower was a normal representative of the Neanderthal species, with an 

 exceptionally high development of the prefrontal region of the brain and a tem- 

 poral area that was rather below the average size. 



THE writer's NOTES ON THE SKULL 



The writer was so fortunate as to see the originals at their first 

 presentation before the Royal Anthropological Institute, and again at 

 Oxford ; besides which he was favored through the courtesy of Pro- 

 fessor Arthur Thomson with a set of good casts of the specimens. 



The skull is represented by the whole frontal and the left parietal, 

 a detached right temporal, most of the right maxilla, and the lower 

 jaw. The skull impresses the observer by its relatively large size 

 and large breadth, combined with relative lowness. The lower part 

 of the frontal has a Neanderthaloid look. The interorbital process 

 is very stout, much stouter than in any modern child of similar pro- 

 portions ; the glabellar region is broad, convex and considerably for- 

 ward of what it is in present day skulls ; and there is already a fairly 

 distinct though still mild complete supraorbital torus with a shallow 

 depression above it. The forehead is broad, of very uniform convexity 

 from side to side, and as full and well arched as in modern skulls. 

 The fronto-temporal fossa is more full than average at this stage of 

 life in recent crania. There is no sagittal ridge, and the transverse 

 arc is broadly oval. 



