WHOLE VOL. SKELETAL REMAINS OF EARLY MAN HRDLICKA I// 



The parietal shows a mo<lerate and diffuse yet appreciable emi- 

 nence midway on the bone from above downwards and but slightly 

 posterior to the middle antero-posteriorly, and there was evidently 

 no marked flattening of the parietals from the inion to obelion ; all 

 of which are recent rather than Neanderthaloid conditions. 



The bones of the vault, including the separate temporal, are per- 

 ceptibly stouter than in modern European skulls of similar age. The 

 temporal bone, somewhat damaged, shows a very small mastoid ; a 

 cylindrical — not oval as at present — meatus ; a stouter base of the 

 zygoma than in modern skulls; a shallow, broad (transversely) glen- 

 oid fossa, slanting much upward and outward, and more strongly 

 protected by bony walls along its whole posterior extent than is usual 

 at present ; a thick tympanic bone (though not more so than in some 

 present children's skulls) ; and a bulky petrosa with a large internal 

 meatus situated higher than is now usual. The upper borders of the 

 orbits, especially on the left, are still fairly sharp, and in shape and 

 otherwise much as at present, although larger and with the bones 

 evidently thicker. 



The nasion depression is in the form of a broad moderate con- 

 cavity from above downwards. The nose was broader than in modern 

 children. The sub-orbital region is full and distinctly convex, without 

 any trace of the usual modern depression (canine fossa). The bones 

 are relatively stout. The upper alveolar process is rather stout, and 

 the teeth — the two right milk molars — are larger than in the modern 

 child and relatively narrow. The median upper incisor, still com- 

 pletely enclosed but visible through damage to the anterior wall of 

 its socket, is enormous, the crown measuring 11.5 mm. in maximum 

 breadth by near 14 mm. in height. The still somewhat shallow palate 

 is broad in front and is nearly U-shaped. 



The lower jaw is about as stout in body as the stoutest jaws of that 

 age today ; in alveolar process, it is decidedly stouter than any modern 

 mandibles. Relative to the size of the skull it appears small, but 

 compares well in size with modern jaws of similar dental age (length, 

 posterior border of ramus to symphysis, along the middle, close to 7.8, 

 bigonial breadth near 7.4 cm.).* The symphyseal region is broad, but 

 slightly convex from side to side, with already a fairly distinct dull 

 angle at the canines, and slightly receding from the vertical. It is 

 a typical Neanderthaloid jaw. There is but a faint suggestion of chin 

 eminence. 



The height at symphysis and along the body is moderate (at sym- 

 physis, 2.1 ; at Mi. 1.85 cm.), compared with that of various modern 



' All the measurements here given were taken on the cast of the specimen. 



