WHOLE VOL. SKELETAL REMAINS OF EARLY MAN HRDLICKA 183 



As to the age of the Spy skeletons, Fraipont and Lohest tell us 

 that they regard them as belonging to the time of the third or lowest 

 layer of the terrace. The second or middle fossil-bearing layer (C) 

 l>elonged to a different industry which so far (p. 692), "has no 

 equivalent either in or outside of Belgium. It belongs, through its 

 numerous worked bones and ivory, to Mortillet's Magdalenian, and 

 through its flints to the Mousterian." Between the skeletons and 

 layer C, however, there was but little accumulation — from a thin 

 covering over one of the skulls to 15 cm. (6 ins.) in thickness, mainly 

 rubbish ("eboulis"). This would seem to indicate no great interval 

 between the death of the Spy men and the coming of the inhabitants 

 of the middle layer (C), with an industry that differed so much from, 

 yet also retained some resemblances to, that of their predecessors ; but 

 here much is uncertain. 



From 1906 to 1909, further explorations in the cave of Spy and 

 its terrace were carried on under the auspices of the Musee du 

 Cinquantenaire in Brussels by Messrs. Baron de Loe, A. Rutot, 

 and E. Rahir. The partial results of these explorations were published 

 in 1911.^ In 1912 the archeological remains from the cave and terrace 

 of Spy were studied by Abbe Breuil and R. R. Schmidt. The results 

 are published by Abbe Breuil in the Revue anthropologique of 191 2,' 

 and by Schmidt in his large and meritorious work on prehistoric 

 archeology. Abbe Breuil reached the following conclusions : 



The terrace of Spy presented the following layers from below upwards : 



1. An old Mousterian layer, with numerous crudely chipped flakes, together 

 with " coups-de-poing." 



2. Layer of Upper Mousterian with typical, very well worked flints, and with 

 human burials ; difficult of separation from superimposed accumulations. 



3. Typical Aurignacian, and of its middle phase. 



4. Final Aurignacian with all transition to the Solutrean, and possibly a little 

 of the latter. 



M. Breuil believes that the Mousterian types found in the Aurigna- 

 cian deposits represent introductions by human or animal agencies, 

 rather than true survivals. 



DESCRIPTION OF THE SPY SKULLS AND BONES 



In their memoir of 1887 ' on the subject, J. FraijXDnt and Lohest 

 give a detailed description, with the i)rincipal measurements, of the 



' Baron de Loe et E. Rahir. Nouvelles fouilles a Spy. Bull. Soc. d'Anthrop. 

 de Bruxelles, iQii. 



' Breuil, Abbe H., Remarqucs sur les divers niveaux archeologiques du gise- 

 ment de Spy (Belgique). Rev. anthropologique, 191 2, Vol. 22, pp. 126-129. 



'Arch, de Biol. (Gand), Vol. 7, 1887. 



