184 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 83 



Spy remains ; and the main part of these are repeated by Fraipont in 

 1891 * (and also more or less on other occasions; see bibliography). 

 In 1888, Fraipont published an interesting additional study on the 

 tibia,^ in which he shows particularly the considerable inclination back- 

 ward of the head of the bone. In 1912 and again in 1913, Charles 

 Fraipont, son of Julien, published valuable studies on the astragalus 

 oi the men of Spy, with many comparisons. ' Finally, in 1927, Mile. 

 Leclercq published a valuable memoir on the curvature of the femur 

 in the Spy and other early, as well as later, femora.^ Less directly, 

 the Spy remains are dealt with, as has already been mentioned, by 

 all the students of early human remains (see final bibliography). 



J. fraipont's data 



The principal observations and measurements on the two skeletons 

 by J. Fraipont, as published in his joint memoir with Lohest,' are 

 arranged in the following tables. They are remarkable for their faith- 

 fulness, though taken by one who was not a professional anatomist 

 or a trained anthropologist. Unfortunately, as will be seen later, 

 there has been a confusion of the bones of the two skeletons. 



author's notes and critical REMARKS 



Considering the animal and archeological remains associated with 

 the human skeletons, together with the absence of disturbance in the 

 superimposed more recent layers, Lohest believed himself justified 

 in referring the Spy remains to the Mousterian period ; and the de- 

 ductions of Fraipont, based on the study of the skeletal remains 

 themselves, were that they belonged to Neanderthal man. Since then 

 the Spy remains have received more or less careful consideration by 

 every student of early man, and the above classification was found 

 to need no radical revision. 



What remained of the Spy skeletons was preserved, before the 

 German invasion of 1914, in the collections of the University of 

 Liege, where, thanks to the courtesy of Messrs. M. Lohest, Charles 



' Les Homines de Spy, C. R. Cong. Intern. Anthrop. et Archeol. Prehist., 

 28 pp., Paris, 1 891. 



"Rev. d' Anthrop., 16 pp., Paris, 1888. 



^ Bull. Soc. Anthrop. Bruxelles, Vol. 31, 50 pp. 1912; Dis. inaug., Univ. Liege, 

 Bruxelles, 66 pp., 1913. 



* Trav. Lab. Paleon. et Anthrop. Univ. Liege, Vol. i, 63 pp., 1927. 



° Op. cit. See also his " Essai de reconstitution des rapports de la face avec le 

 crane chez Thomme fossile de Spy." C. R. Assoc. Anat. Liege, pp. 11-13. IQOS- 



