WHOLE VOL. SKELETAL REMAINS OF EARLY MAN HRDLICKA I9I 



depression, but this is more of the nature of an angle between the 

 upward sloi)ing surface of the arch and the rising frontal bone, than 

 such a hollow as in skull No. i. The forehead and frontal region of 

 No. I is decidedly lower and smaller than in No. 2. It is slightly 

 lower and i>erceptibly smaller than it is even in the Neanderthal 

 sjiecimen. From the top, both of the Spy skulls present a distinctly 

 ovoid outline; in No. i, however, this ovoid is very perceptibly 

 narrower throughout than it is in No. 2. The broadest part of the 

 ovoid corresponds in each case to the i)osterior third of the lower half 

 of the parietals. The outline of the Neanderthal skull is much like 

 that of Spy No. i, though the latter is more markedly narrowed in 

 the frontal region. The forehead and whole vault of No. 2 are 

 markedly higher than they are in No. i, reaching proportions that 

 could be duplicated, save for the supraorbital arch, in many modern 

 mesocephalic skulls. 



The temporal lines in skull No. i are poorly marked, in No. 2 very 

 distinct ; but in neither skull are they very rough or elevated, and in 

 neither do they reach over approximately the middle of the parietals. 



The sagittal region is but very slightly raised so that the outline 

 of the vault from side to side would approach an oval in No. i (where 

 slight keeling exists), and is quite oval in No. 2. The occipital region 

 of No. I is typically Neanderthal, i. c, flattened from above and below 

 with a medium protrusion in the middle ; in No. 2, while there are 

 still distinct reminiscences of this type, the development is already 

 much nearer to that in modern skulls. The temporal region in No. i 

 was evidently rather flat and narrow ; in No. 2 it is about as in average 

 modern skulls. Both skulls, but particularly No. 2, present a mild 

 continuous occipital torus which extends towards the lambdoid suture 

 and along this downward toward the mastoid region. The cranial 

 sutures in both skulls, particularly the sagittal and the lambdoid, are 

 much simpler than they pre in average modern crania. In general 

 the Spy No. 2 skull is larger and appears more masculine than No. i. 

 The mastoid and basal parts of the two skulls are largely deficient ; 

 what remains shows a number of peculiarities, particularly in the left 

 post-auricular region of skull No. 2. 



Endocranially, skull No. i shows that the anterior part of the brain 

 was narrow, low, and nearer to the keeled type than it is in the brain 

 of today. The left occipital lobe was perceptibly longer and more 

 pointed ; the right lobe was slightly shorter but somewhat broader 

 and higher. In skull No. 2 the left hemisphere was perceptibly longer. 



