WHOLE VOL. SKELETAL REMAINS OF EARLY MAN HRDLICKA 20/ 



as were the Neanderthal and other crania of the man from the 

 Mousterian period, by relative lowness of the vault, and in every 

 instance among the adults by a pronounced, complete supraorbital 

 arch. The last-named feature, though less marked, is plainly dis- 

 tinguishable even in the children. Its invariable ])resence is a definite 

 proof of the fact, not quite well established before, that up to a 

 certain phase of the Quaternary period this arch was a regular 

 characteristic of the early man of a large part of Europe. 



A number of interesting features are presented l)y the fragments 

 of the temporals. The mastoids are less developed than in man of 

 today, approaching correspondingly the anthropoid form. They are 

 rather slender and small, even in the adult male. The tympanic ring, 

 on the other hand, is massive. The glenoid fossae are not level 

 from side to side or even nearly so, as in man of today, but are very 

 perceptibly slanting in such a manner that their distal end is decidedly 

 higher than the mesial. These and other primitive features, which 

 show the Krapina man to approach the earlier primate forms, have 

 since become largely modified or eliminated in the human skull. 



The jaws and teeth, like other cranial parts, present many marks 

 of a less advanced stage of evolution. The lower jaws in particular 

 are very interesting. The symphysis or fore part of these bones, while 

 in some possessing already a faint trace of the future chin eminence, 

 slopes invariably more or less downward and backward, thus approach- 

 ing the form of the mandible in apes. The mandibles are massive and 

 in males high. Except in this height they are akin to the lower jaws 

 of the La Quina and La Chapelle skulls, and represent decidedly more 

 primitive forms than the mandibulae of any man of historic times, 

 though they are more or less nearer to the modern type than is the 

 Mauer jaw. 



Of the u])per maxilla there are eight or nine imix'rfect specimens, 

 the majority from young subjects. They dififer in their development 

 and conformation, but primitive characteristics are numerous. One 

 of the best-preserved fragments, marked " E " or " 19," proceeding 

 probably from a male adolescent and representing the part of the 

 jaw from the right median incisor to the left second premolar, shows 

 considerable height of the bone, a straight and prognathic alveolar 

 process, a very spacious high palate, pronounced subwasal fossae, and 

 broad nasal aperture. 



The teeth of the Krapina man ofifer numerous peculiarities, most 

 of which point to lower stages of differentiation. They are in general 

 very perceptibly larger than those of the modern white man; their 



