WHOLE VOL. SKELETAL REMAINS OF EARLY MAN HRDLICKA 2O9 



SKULL C, YOUNG ADULT 



Though very defective this is an important specimen, preserving 

 as it does the upper parts of the face, the lower portion of the frontal, 

 the right temporal, and a large portion of the right parietal. The 

 specimen has been reconstructed from five pieces, which however 

 plainly belong to each other. The parts preserved show convincingly 

 that the skull was relatively broad and not very long. The outline 

 of the norma superior was a fairly broad and but moderately long 

 ovoid. The cranial index was evidently at least that of sub-brachy- 

 cephaly; Gorjanovic-Kramberger estimated the length maximum 

 of the skull at 17.8 cm., breadth maximum, 14.9 cm., cranial index 

 ^j./. This exceptional and very interesting feature, seen for the first 

 time in early man, is also more or less perceptible on the other 

 Krapina skull remains. 



The sex of the specimen is somewhat uncertain. The supraorbital 

 arches and other parts of the face would seem to indicate a smaller 

 male, but the mastoids and the cranial bones are feminine. The sub- 

 ject was probably a female. The minimum frontal diameter (9.9 cm.) 

 and the external biorbital (11.8 cm.) are even slightly smaller than 

 those of the Gibraltar female, and the two specimens show similarity 

 also in other particulars. 



The supraorbital arches, though distinctly bilateral, form never- 

 theless a complete and rather heavy torus with a fairly marked and 

 broad glabella depression. The torus measures in thickness, above 

 the orbital foramen, 13.8; at the middle. 10; and at the outer end, 

 11-12 mm. Its ends unite with broad and stout processes of the 

 malars, as in other Neanderthalers. The glabella is not carried as far 

 forward as in the Gibraltar skull. The interorbital process of the 

 frontal is stout, as is general in Neanderthal skulls, the minimum 

 interorbital diameter measuring 2.9 cm. (Gibraltar 2.8 cm.). The 

 inner biorbital breadth is 10.7 cm. The nasion is situated rather high 

 but not excessively so. There is no nasion depression, the region from 

 glabella to the free end of the nasals presenting a broad moderate 

 concavity increasing downward. The nasal bones are broad (min. 

 breadth of right 9, left 8.5 mm.). In its upper part the mid-nasal 

 suture turns at an angle to the left, indicating an earlier existence at 

 nasion of a good-sized intercalated bone. 



The borders of the orbits though rather stout are fairly well 

 defined, more as they would he in a female of this type than in a 

 male. The planes of the orbits, both from above downwards and 

 laterally, approach those in other Neanderthalers. The orbits are 



