2IO SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 83 



large, megaseme ; yet in general they come a trace closer to those of 

 strong modern skulls than do those of the Gibraltar or La Chapelle 

 crania. Approximate measurements (Hrdlicka) : Height, r. 3.8; 

 1. near 3.8 cm. ; breadth (from dacryon) r. 4.0; 1. 3.8 cm. ; Index, r. 

 near pj.o, 1. near joo. The malars, as in other Neanderthalers, were 

 neither protruding nor large ; but as already indicated they had 

 powerful and broa,d frontal processes. The zygomae are wholly want- 

 ing. The suborbital spaces ("canine fossae") are full and even 

 slightly bulging, as in all other Neanderthalers. The nose was broad 

 (breadth max. near 3.0 cm.) ; the lower parts are damaged or absent. 

 The bones are all distinctly stronger than in modern skulls. 



The vault. — The bones of the vault are not especially thick, the 

 maximum of the parietal not exceeding 8 mm. and reaching this figure 

 at only a few points. In this respect it differs markedly from the 

 Gibraltar skull. Above the supraorbital ridges is a fairly broad but 

 not deep depression, much as in the Gibraltar. The forehead above 

 this was doubtless rather low and more or less sloping, but most 

 of the squama is missing. The temporo-sphenoidal region is much 

 as in modern skulls. The pterion is of the H type, rather broad. The 

 temporal lines were not pronounced and ran at considerable distance 

 from the sagittal suture. The parietal bone is more modern than in 

 any of the western Neanderthal skulls. It is very perceptibly more 

 bulging, and the eminence is situated less low and less posteriorly. 



The temporal bone is of good dimensions, not low as in other 

 Neanderthalers. The zygomae were evidently not very massive, 

 though much stronger than they are in modern female crania. The 

 posterior root of the zygoma forms a crest, especially in its distal 

 half, but falls well within the range of modern variation in the same 

 feature. The mastoid is decidedly small and slender. Behind it is 

 seen the upper end of a broad digastric groove, reaching higher than 

 in modern crania. The base is mostly wanting ; but what is present 

 shows some interesting conditions. The glenoid fossa is broad trans- 

 versely, fairly deep, slightly less oblique than in most recent skulls, 

 and more effectively bound posteriorly by the middle root of the 

 zygoma and the anterior wall of the tympanic bone. And there is a 

 considerable space, as in all the Neanderthalers, between the tympanic 

 ridge and the mastoid (11 mm.). There was no styloid. 



Endocranially, the Krapina " C " skull shows numerous and well 

 impressed marks of brain convolutions. The frontal lobes were more 

 beaked inferiorly — though not narrowly so — than they are in modern 

 skulls ; and the temporal lobes did not bulge out to the same degree 

 that they do in the skulls of present day Europeans. The petrous 



