WHOLE VOL. SKELETAL REMAINS OF EARLY MAN HRDLICKA 211 



part is relatively bulkier than in modern skulls, and the internal 

 auditory meatus is larger and situated somewhat more superiorly. 

 The sigmoid part of the lateral sinus is narrow but very deep; this is 

 due to much lesser hollowing out of the adjacent portion of the 

 occipital. 



SMALLER FRAGMENTS 



Frontal bones. — Present, lower portions of three frontals. All 

 show pronounced supraorbital torus and other Neanderthaloid char- 

 acters. The nasal process, seen in two of the fragments, is stout. 



An important specimen is a larger part of an evidently adult male 

 frontal (G.-K. 1901, pi. i, fig. i) which shows the remnant of a com- 

 plete supraorbital torus, without any diminution in its stoutness from 

 about its middle to the distal end (near middle, 12, at outer end, 

 12 mm.). The forehead was broad and as well arched as in many 

 not very high skulls today. The temporal ridges are moderate. The 

 thickness of the squama is not greater than it is in many strong skulls 

 of today (max. 8.5 mm.). The metopic ridge is short and moderate. 

 The frontal lobes were broad and quite as full as in many a modern 

 brain. 



In another fragment (K 15) the arches measure 13 mm. in 

 thickness at middle. 12 mm. distally, above fracture. The orbital 

 borders are well marked, and there is a distinct broad concavity at 

 the glabella. The interorbital breadth is near 2.8 cm. All the bones 

 of this skull were evidently of more moderate strength than those 

 of some of the other specimens. 



A portion of a frontal, to which are attached a large part of the 

 right and a fragment of the left parietal, is evidently of a young 

 subject. The bones are not thick. The frontal bone shows a fair 

 development. The parietals indicate once more a relatively broad 

 skullcap. There was no sagittal elevation. The sutures were some- 

 what simple. 



Fragments of occipitals. — There are several fragments of adult 

 occipital bones. These were in part described for Gorjanovic- 

 Kramberger by Klaatsch. The latter reported (studies on casts) 

 that these lx)nes show distinct differences from those of the present 

 day, both dorsally and ventrally ; and that they correspondingly ap- 

 proach the occi])itaIs of the Neanderthalers. There is the same hori- 

 zontal welt or torus in i)lace of the superior nuchal line, with a more 

 or less marked ei)imedian depression ; while beneath the torus the 

 squama shows a more or less distinct transverse concavity. The 

 impressions of the sulci on the ventral surface show more or less 



17 



