212 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL.83 



aberrant forms from those in a majority of the skulls of today. The 

 transverse sulci are relatively shallow. Brain impressions are in 

 general well marked to strong. 



About the best preserved piece is that described and pictured by 

 Gorjanovic-Kramberger in 1902 (Mittl. Anthr. Ges. Wien., pi. 2, figs. 

 3 and 4). The bone is thicker than the modern mean, and presents, 

 though they are not very pronounced, the usual Neanderthaloid fea- 

 tures, and shows a more prominent right lobe of the cerebrum, with 

 but a trace of lateral sulci beneath. 



Reconstruction of skull D. — From a number of fragments and 

 with the help of photography. Professor Gorjanovic-Kramberger at- 

 tempted the reconstruction of one of the male adult skulls (D). The 

 results, while necessarily of limited value, indicate nevertheless an- 

 other brachycephal, with a fairly modern-like vault, with the exception 

 of the supraorbital torus and the subinion depression on the occipital. 



Numerous measurements are given of the reconstruction ; but the 

 element of uncertainty is too strong to permit of giving these a full 

 value. 



Additional fragments. — There are a number of additional pieces of 

 skulls, all of which show points of interest and more or less primitive- 

 ness ; they show also, however, other features of a transitional nature 

 towards modern forms (p. 129), Among the most interesting are 

 several fragments of temporal bones with the auditory meatus and 

 the mastoids. The mastoids are everywhere but poorly developed ; 

 the posterior roots of the zygomae rise in pronounced dull ridges. 

 The glenoid fossa in one of the pieces where it is well preserved is 

 deep, moderately spacious, and considerably more strongly bound 

 mesially than in modern skulls ; also it slopes considerably upward 

 and outward. The pre-mastoid space (space inferiorly between the 

 tympanic ring or wall and the mastoid), so characteristic of the 

 Neanderthalers, is not present in the three pieces where conditions 

 can be well seen. But in all the fragments there is a marked digastric 

 sulcus. 



UPPER JAWS 



There are six fragments of upper jaws (A-F), five of which 

 are from individuals of less than 20 years of age, the sixth from one 

 over 20. The fragments indicate that the Krapina maxillae were 

 somewhat narrower than those of other Neanderthalers. In their sub- 

 nasal proportions they ranged, owing probably to sex differences, 

 from low to high. They are strong but not massive. They were 

 evidently broad in front but not exceptionally prognathic. 



