WHOLE VOL. SKELETAL REMAINS OF EARLY MAN HRDLICKA 213 



One of the larger pieces from an adolescent (E) shows a broad, 

 rather flat, slanting, high front (alv. pt. to base of spine 2.7 cm.), 

 a rather strong though short bifid spine, lower nasal borders with 

 subnasal fossae (double on left, a small mesial external and a larger 

 and deeper more lateral internal) ; and a broad nose. The alveoli 

 are strong, the teeth larger than modern. The incisors are all 

 markedly shovel-shaped, with single to double lingual cuspules. The 

 canine is but little higher than the incisors and not very strong; 

 it also shows a bilateral hollowing out of the lingual surface. The 

 bicuspids, much as in modern man though larger, show too on the 

 lingual surface of the outer cusp a bilateral fossa. The palate was 

 rather high and spacious. 



LOWER JAWS 



This series shows on the whole somewhat less fragmentation than 

 other parts, and is of great interest. There are nine bones (A-I), 

 ranging from that of a child of about 7 to one of an adult over 40 

 years of age. All the bones show the same basic primitive type, but 

 with individual variation in all the essentials. The importance of this 

 material calls for a somewhat detailed description. Thanks to having 

 seen the originals, and to an excellent series of casts given me by 

 Professor Gorjanovic-Kramberger, it will be possible to give my 

 own notes on the specimens, which however agree almost entirely 

 with those of that distinguished author. The measurements are 

 essentially his, however. 



Lozvcr jazv A. — Fragment of a juvenile mandible with middle 

 incisors in eruption (child of about seven years). Was evidently 

 somewhat prognathic (symphyseal regions receding). Thickness at 

 symphysis, 11.3 mm. 



Lower jazu B. — A portion of the mandible of a child after a full 

 eruption of the middle incisors, extending from the right canine to 

 the left M i. (Child of eight years or a little over.) Prognathic. 



Lozvcr jazv C— Present, the right half of the body (up to the left 

 canine) and the right ramus. Belonged to an adolescent of about 13 

 years of age. Is of a relatively moderate size, with but moderate 

 height of the body, but the body is stout and the teeth are large. The 

 symphyseal portion is flat and receding. The ramus approaches verti- 

 cal, was of good but not excessive height and breadth, and with the 

 sigmoid notch well developed. The outline of the angle is rounded, 

 nevertheless the angle is fairly distin.ct and the region approaches 

 closely to that of modern jaws. The mylohyoid ridges are relatively 



