2l8 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL.83 



2.5 cm.; thickness 1.65. Transverse diameter of the condyle, 2.25; 

 antero-posterior diameter, 1.3; maximum depth of notch, 1.15 cni.^ 



The mandibular angle is rounded but not more so than in some 

 modern specimens. On the lingual side, however, the piece shows the 

 typical characteristics of the Krapina and other early jaws, viz., the 

 high mylohyoid ridge, bifurcating into marked vertical (coronoid) 

 and transverse ridges, the latter reaching the mandibular foramen 

 and passing beyond it to end on the posterior border of the ramus ; 

 while beneath the mylohyoid ridge and its transverse prolongation 

 there is a marked hollow for the internal pterygoid. 



Summary. — The highly interesting assemblage of the lower jaws 

 of Krapina permits of certain generalizations. The bones present 

 many marks of primitiveness. In these they resemble more or less 

 the jaws of the western Neanderthalers ; in others they show features 

 that connect with those of recent man. 



About the most distinguishing features of the Krapina jaws are the 

 flattening, straightness, and recession of the incisor segment of the 

 bone. In some of these jaws (H, E) these features are more striking 

 than in any other early jaws ; though the same characters in a some- 

 what milder degree are shown also by the La Naulette, Sipka, and 

 even Spy No. i mandibles. 



Other primitive characters are the size and stoutness of the bones ; 

 the megadont teeth ; the multiplicity, size and backward location of 

 the mental foramina ; the flat inferior border ; the ridges and de- 

 pressions on the anterior portion of the lingual surface ; the pro- 

 nounced mylohyoid ridge with large submaxillary-gland fossa ; the 

 presence of a marked precoronoid fossa (between the anterior border 

 of the coronoid and the internal coronoid ridge or root) ; the presence 

 of a condyloid ridge or root (which after uniting with the coronoid 

 forms a very strong mylohyoid ridge) ; and the large, much hollowed 

 out depression for the internal pterygoid. In jaw J, there are added 

 to this the enormous condyles. Other primitive features are the 

 cupid's-bow arching, in at least two of the jaws (H and J), of the 

 inferior frontal portion of the bone; and the presence in J of a rela- 

 tively wide space between M 3 and the anterior coronoid border. 



Features in which the Krapina jaws are more or less superior to 

 some of the early jaws, especially the La Chapelle and Mauer, are : 

 total absence of inferior frontal shelf ; attenuation of the old and 

 approach to more recent conditions on the frontal part of the lingual 



' All these measurements taken on a cast kindly furnished to the writer by 

 Professor Gorjanovic-Kramberger. 



