WHOLE VOL. SKELETAL REMAINS OF EARLY MAN — HRDLICKA 225 



A male patella, of which the writer has obtained a cast from 

 Professor Gorjanovic-Kramberger, has evidently not been included 

 in the above. It measures (cast) : 



Length 46.0 mm. 



Breadth 50.0 mm. 



Thickness 24.5 mm. 



The calcaneus. — Present, a portion of one adult bone only. The 

 articular facets show a primitive condition. 



The astragali. — Present, two whole left bones and seven fragments, 

 all showing similar characteristics. As in the other Neanderthal astrag- 

 ali, these bones are marked by their relative shortness, and especially 

 by the shortness of the neck ; by a marked depression superiorly 

 between the head and the tibial facet ; by a relatively large develop- 

 ment of the sustentaculum ; and by some peculiarities of the articular 

 facets. 



Bones of the feet. — Present, numerous isolated specimens represent- 

 ing different parts of the foot. They all come, in general, close to 

 those of the modern man ; yet they differ here and there in particulars 

 which as a rule are of more primitive nature. Gorjanovic-Kramberger 

 gives very detailed descriptions of all these parts with measurements. 

 Although the tarsal bones are in some respects especially primitive, 

 nevertheless a transition to the forms of recent man is everywhere 

 evident.* 



CONCLUDING REMARKS ABOUT THE KRAPINA SKULLS AND SKELETONS 



Notwithstanding their defective condition, the numerous fragments 

 of the Krapina skulls show clearly that the crania they represent 

 belonged in general to the Neanderthal phase of early man. Many 

 of the distinguishing characteristics of the latter are here repeated — 

 the supraorbital torus, the sloping forehead, the peculiar occipital, 

 the planes of the orbits, the stout nasal and malar processes, the 

 effects of powerful masticatory apparatus, a relatively lower position 

 of the zygomatic arches, small mastoids, and other features. 



All these features present, however, a considerable variation, and 

 that of a rather progressive tendency. Thus some of the foreheads 

 approach closely those of some recent men ; even the vault of these 



'Gorjanovic-Kramberger, K., Der diluviale Mensch von Krapina in Kroatien. 

 Wiesbaden, 1906. " Bei alien den erwiihnten Abweichungen der einzelnen Ele- 

 mente der unteren Glicdmassen sehcn wir dennoch schon den T^'pus des rezenten 

 Menschen ausgepriigt, oder mit anderen Worten, wir finden das allmahliche 

 Ubergehen jener primitivcren Charaktere in die nun bcstchcnden des Europaers 

 deutlich ausgesprochen." 



