WHOLE VOL. SKELETAL REMAINS OF EARLY MAN — HRDLICKA 235 



(see the special section on teeth). The third molars are distinctly 

 smaller than the first and second, particularly on the left where the 

 tooth can only be characterized as diminutive. None of the other early 

 jaws so far known shows the reduction of the M3 to such a degree. 

 The roots of the incisors — all that remains of them — are somewhat 

 wider antero-posteriorly than even in macrodont jaws of today. The 

 canines and premolars, and the cusp foramen of Mi and M2, were 

 very much as they are in jaws of corresponding strength in modern 

 man. 



The bone, although not very massive, is distinctly stouter than a 

 large majority of jaws of today, particularly those of females. The 

 thickness of the ramus at M2, very nearly the same on the two sides, 

 reaches 15 mm. The body was low. its height at M2 having probably 

 not exceeded 28.5 mm. Anteriorly the jaw shows a recession, but one 

 of a somewhat peculiar kind, and a marked dental prognathism. The 

 part has been affected and somewhat altered by dental abscesses, yet 

 the main conditions are quite discernible. 



Had it not been for the dental prognathism, the symphyseal region 

 would have been only slightly receding from the vertical (with the 

 jaw lying naturally). It was somewhat flattened anteriorly as are 

 the Krapina jaws ; and like some of these it has a distinct though 

 small chin eminence. The inferior border of this portion shows 

 a moderate cupid's-bow outline, with a rather marked little beak 

 in the middle, approaching thus again some of the early jaws. The 

 mental foramina are single, unusually large, and situated on the 

 left below the center, on the right below the posterior half of 

 Mi. These are primitive features, much like those of the Krapina 

 and other early mandibles. Between INI 3 and the anterior border of 

 the coronoid processes there is seen a marked gap. yet another char- 

 acteristic of early mandibles. 



The ascending rami show considerable flaring out, so that while 

 the body of the jaw is narrow the intercoronoid and the intercondy- 

 loid diameters were evidently rather large. The rami were relatively 

 slender (in thickness), and there may have been a well-defined 

 mandibular angle ; but this region with the posterior and upper por- 

 tions of the ramus are so damaged that nothing positive can be said 

 about them. Inferiorly, from the midline to beneath the mental 

 foramina on each side, the jaw is flattened and rather deeply im- 

 pressed for the attachment of the digastric muscles — approaching the 

 condition in other early jaws ; further back, however, the border of 

 the bone is dull, fairly slender and much like that in modern 

 mandibles. 



