WHOLE VOL. SKELETAL REMAINS OF EARLY MAN HRDLICKA 2};j 



The mental foramen is indistinct, the region having been damaged 

 on the left, while on the right all of the bone posterior to Pmi is 

 missing. The height of the body at the symphysis is 30 mm. ; at Mi, 

 24 mm. The height of the ramus (Hrdlicka's method) is 5.5 cm.; 

 breadth min., 3.7 cm. Lingually the anterior portion of the jaw shows 

 a marked epimedian simian shelf, much as in the adult jaw. This 

 shelf, however, is marked below by only a very moderate dull ridge 

 beneath which is a fairly distinct submedial uniform fossa extending 

 on each side up to Pmi, without any elevation for the genial tu- 

 bercles. This fossa is rounded beneath by a fairly distinct border 

 which is the lingual border of a flat and fairly uniformly broad 

 inferior surface stretching up to behind Pmi, after which the lower 

 border assumes a shape that is practically identical with the modern. 

 The mylohyoid ridge is not yet very marked and does not unite with 

 the epimedial anterior border, as it does in the adult jaw. 



The rami show a shallow notch, broad, stout and high coronoid 

 processes, stout condyloid processes, a marked dorsal depression be- 

 low and behind the coronoid ; while ventrally there is a stout coronoid 

 " root," with a trace only of the condyloid ridge, both uniting at 

 about the level of the mandibular foramina (in ordinary position), 

 and merging with the mylohyoid elevation. There is also a strongly 

 marked fossa for the internal pterygoid. The angle of the ramus, 

 still somewhat rounded and thus reminding of prehuman or early 

 human conditions, is nevertheless already so formed that it can 

 readily be duplicated in modern mandibles. The mandibular angle 

 is much like that in modern jaws (approx., 122°). The ramus .shows 

 already a marked eversion, indicating a relatively broad (as compared 

 to the body) bicoronoid and bicondyloid diameter — as in the adult. 

 The jaw is a primitive specimen and approaches closely some of the 

 Krapina mandibles. 



There are nine teeth, with the crown of the ]\l2 visible still deep 

 in its socket. The four incisors are completely erupted. They are 

 relatively large — larger than in any modern jaws and stout antero- 

 posteriorly. The right permanent canine (left lost) is nearing the 

 completion of its eruption ; it is much like the incisors, only stouter 

 (linguo-labially). The right anterior premolar, crown erupted, is 

 large with a high and stout labial cusp. The left second premolar, 

 just showing, seems slightly less stout than Pmi, for its labial cusp 

 is lower. Between the left Pmi and Mi is the still remaining 

 posterior molar of the milk dentition. The ]\Ii, fully erupted, shows 

 five cusps and a marked precuspidal fossa. 



