WHOLE VOL. SKELETAL REAIAINS OF EARLY MAN — HRDLICKA 243 



and the double-size enlarj^ement accentuates its defects. In essentials 

 the foldings of the enamel are much like those of today. In 1923, the 

 tooth was said to be still in the possession of Dr, Weiss and the 

 writer was unable to reach it. 



About the second tooth there was for a time some uncertainty, 

 but Dr. Nehring's local in(juiries appeared to establish the authenticity 

 of the specimen. 



The tooth is the left lower permanent first molar. It proceeds from 

 the same stratum as the milk tcjoth in the " Sonnrein " excavation. 

 It was found by the owner and worker, H. Sonnrein, secured by 

 Professor Klopfleisch, and eventually deposited in the Jena Museum. 

 The formation at this place was as follows : 



Meters 



1. Humus 0.30 



2. Slab limestone 0.80 



3. Fine-grained limestone with numerous snail shells 0.17 



4. Harder plant limestone 0.19 



5. Hard limestone (travertin) 0.22 



6. Ochreous hard limestone 0.20 (^15.19 feet 



7. Black loose stratum 0.13 



8. Travertin 159 



9. Grey argillaceous limestone 0.20 



10. Ochre 0.03 



1 1 . Fine-grained limestone 0.80 , 



12. Fine-grained often sandy limestone, with animal hones and 



the two human teeth 0.45 18 in. 



The crown of the tooth is 11.7 mm. long, 9.9 mm. broad [module 

 10.8, B-L index 84.6\. In size the tooth can be matched in man of 

 today. But its relative breadth and the index are decidedly low for 

 a human tooth. They exceed those of any of the other early teeth 

 (see section on "Teeth"). The only known permanent lower first 

 molars that equal the Taubach tooth are those attributed to the 

 Dryopitheciis suevicus (rhenanits), and those of the chimpanzee. 



Fig. 21.— The molar of Taubach. (After A. Xehring, 1895.) 



The conformation of the crown, and the roots, while offering some 

 points of interest, are on the whole much like those of man. Nehring 



