WHOLE VOL. SKELETAL REMAINS OF EARLY MAN — HRDLICKA 249 



The roots of the Jersey premolars and molars are not only stout 

 but they are also to a large extent fused. This is not an anthropoid 

 feature, for in the higher apes these roots are well apart. The fusion 

 is due to great development of the dentine and cement of the roots, 

 brought about in this early man, in the opinion of Keith and Knowles, 

 by a changed manner of mastication, characterized by more lateral 

 besides vertical movements of the lower jaw. Other primitive fea- 

 tures of the teeth are the early filling of the pulp cavities by deposits 

 of dentine, thus providing an early adaptation for wear; the size 

 and characters of the first premolars, which contrary to what occurs 

 in present man are larger than the second ; and certain features of 

 the canine as well as of the molars. 



Without going into more details, for which the reader may consult 

 the originals— it may safely be concluded that the Jersey teeth con- 

 stitute another valuable document of man's ancestry ; and that they 

 show an early man, probably a representative of Hoiito ncandcrthal- 

 cnsis, already quite advanced in denture from the prehuman forms, but 

 still with teeth more powerful as well as less specifically differentiated 

 than those of present man. 



In 1916, Professor Marett reports in detail on additional work in 

 the La Cotte de St. Brelade and on the fauna and stone industry of 

 the cave. Further explorations have been carried on in 191 3, 1914 

 and 191 5. A large part of the original cave was cleared. By the end 

 of 191 5, some 1,200 square feet of the paleolithic floor had been un- 

 earthed and thoroughly examined ; and the upper part of the wall of 

 the debris to the rear of the cave had been cut back to the distance of 

 50 feet from the entrance. Later, exploration was commenced also in 

 the cave on the other side of the ravine. 



The combined explorations to the end of 191 5. resultetl in the 

 recovery of many thousands of stone implements and rejects, and 

 also of numerous bones of Pleistocene animals; but there were no 

 further important discoveries of skeletal remains of man. Outside 

 of the cave, in the talus at the back of the ravine, there were found, 

 regettably without scientific supervision, three pieces of a partly cre- 

 mated child's skull. The largest portion is that of the left side of the 

 occipital; according to Dr. Keith it belonged to a chil.l n-.t more 

 than six years of age, and both inside and outside bears the marks 

 of the modern rather than the Neanderthal type of man. This was 

 therefore probably a later intrusive specimen. 



