258 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL.83 



more backward than in modern skulls, and shows less inclination. 

 The condyles are small and low. The stout pterygoid processes ran 

 upwards and backwards, more obliquely than in recent skulls. The 

 temporal-basal parts are all stout. There were no styloids. The 

 glenoid region on each side is massive and large. The glenoid fossae 

 are somewhat shallow but broad laterally, and their shape is such that 

 their cast, especially on the right, would present a well marked 

 lateral ridge along the summit ; in other words, their cross section 

 antero-posteriorly would approach somewhat more the V-shape than 

 the U-shape that is generally seen in modern crania. Between the 

 tympanic plate and the mastoid on each side is a groove approximately 

 7 mm. broad, much as in the Gibraltar skull ; crania of today show 

 only occasional traces of such a groove. 



The face. — The orbits are large, though relative to the size of the 

 face and skull not as large as in the Gibraltar specimen ; and they 

 are roughly rounded. The borders are very dull superiorly and mesi- 

 ally, better defined inferiorly. Due to the pronounced supraorbital 

 arch the upper half of the orbits, as in the Neanderthal skull, has 

 a somewhat forward and downward inclination, unlike that of any man 

 of today. Laterally, moreover, their plane slopes very perceptibly 

 outwards and backwards, as in the Gibraltar. The mid-portion of 

 the face from the nasion downward is markedly stouter, fuller, and 

 more protruding forward than it is in modern skulls — much as in the 

 Gibraltar cranium. There are no suborbital (canine) fossae, the 

 surface of the maxillae in this region being perceptibly convex, instead 

 of concave — again as in the Gibraltar. The nasal aperture is very 

 broad — once more as in the Gibraltar. The nasal spine is moderately 

 developed, especially on the right. The lower nasal borders are fairly 

 sharp. On the left in the rear of the border is seen a groove, followed 

 by a moderate dull ridge, running from the base of the spine upward 

 and slightly backward to above the middle of the lateral wall of the 

 aperture. All the facial bones are stronger than they are in modern 

 skulls. The body of the malars was relatively small, especially for a 

 male, but the nasal and zygomatic processes are broad and stout. 

 There was no protrusion forward of the malars and the plane of 

 their surface sloped backward more than in any modern crania. 

 This is distinctly a simian feature. Here again there are close re- 

 semljlances to the Gibraltar. The upper alveolar process (and also 

 the lower) has suffered considerably from absorption after a loss 

 of most of the teeth, probably due to old age. It was not especially 

 high or especially sloping forward (alveolar prognathism), but the 



