26o SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 83 



through infection following the exposure, through wear, of the pulp 

 cavities ; there are traces of root abscesses. 



The lozver jaw. — The lower jaw is large antero-posteriorly, and 

 also laterally. There is no chin and the symphyseal line was slightly 

 negative (receding). The body was about as high and stout as in the 

 most developed jaws of today. The rami are of about medium breadth 

 for a jaw of this size ; they are broader than the rami in most modern 

 jaws but do not reach the proportions of those in some Eskimo and 

 in the Mauer mandible. The upper third of the rami shows a per- 

 ceptible eversion on the right side, which may, however, be post- 

 mortem. The condyles as seen from that on the right were short and 

 stout. 



Inferiorly, in its anterior portion, the jaw is slightly arched, and 

 presents a bilateral, nearly flat surface for the insertion of the 

 digastric muscles. There is a trace of an internal shelf in the form 

 of a moderate swelling between the lingual border of the anterior 

 portion of the jaw and the genial tubercles. The genial tubercles are 

 rather small and much as they are in some modern jaws. Above them 

 and on each side is a marked hollow, only rarely present in modern 

 jaws ; and above this hollow the bone rises in mild convexity to the 

 border of the stout alveolar process. 



The mylohyoid ridges are not excessive ; but above and in front of 

 them, in the premolar region, there are present lingually on the sur- 

 face of the bone moderate swellings such as observed in the Mauer 

 jaw and frequently in strong modern mandibles. The rami show sev- 

 eral interesting exceptional features, the most striking of which is a 

 defect of the angles. From about its middle the posterior border 

 curves (on right) or bends (on left) downwards and forwards. The 

 resulting form of the angle region approaches, especially on the left, 

 that in the anthropoids. 



The second peculiarity is the presence, on the external surface of 

 each ramus, proceeding from the outer end of the condyle downwards, 

 of a dull, fairly broad ridge, which looks like a supporting pillar or 

 root of the condyle. It is clearly a reinforcement feature, of me- 

 chanical origin, due to the heavy stresses on the condyle. It is better 

 marked on the left than on the right ramus ; and between it and the 

 anterior border of the ramus is a marked broad parallel depression. 

 Nothing of this sort exists in simian jaws. 



Other reinforcing ridges, with consequent fossae, are seen on the 

 internal surface of the rami, and here the conditions approach de- 

 cidedly those in the lower jaws of the large anthropoid apes. A 

 pronounced ridge runs downward from the coronoid process, and 



