264 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 83 



The clavicles. — Present, approximately the distal half of the left 

 bone. It is seen that the clavicle was relatively long, but of only 

 moderate strength. This agrees with the characteristics of the 

 clavicle in all the other known Neanderthal remains where more or 

 less of the bone is preserved. It indicates a very broad chest. 



The humeri. — The right humerus is but little damaged, lacking a 

 small part of the head ; in the left humerus the head is largely deficient. 

 The right bone is notably stronger than the left, indicating strongly 

 developed right handedness, which is essentially a human character. 

 The humeri were relatively stout and short, their extremities volumi- 

 nous. All the muscular insertions are strongly marked. The strength 

 of the right bone exceeds slightly that of even the strongest bones 

 of today. The torsion of the humerus falls within the present range 

 of variation of this character. The shaft is remarkably straight and 

 cylindrical, resembling in this respect more the humeri of the large 

 anthropoids than those of present man. The distal extremity of the 

 humerus is large, and presents various details of interest. The large 

 fossa is not perforated. All the characters denote a strong develop- 

 ment of the muscles. The left humerus differs from the right only 

 by its greater slenderness. On the whole the morphology of the 

 humeri of La Chapelle is very human. 



Bones of the forearm. — All of the bones are present but not com- 

 plete. They are remarkable for the grossness of their extremities, 

 the strength of the muscular impressions, and the pronounced curva- 

 tures of the shaft. 



The radii. — The right radius is distinctly stronger than the left, 

 though the difference is less marked than that between the humeri 

 of the two sides. 



The ulnae. — The right ulna is but slightly stronger than the left. 

 The shafts of the ulnae are very straight and much less prismatic 

 than in present man. An outline of the shaft at the middle is nearly 

 elliptic, approaching thus the shape of the bone in the anthropoid 

 apes. The upper part of the shaft is extraordinarily flattened antero- 

 posteriorly. The head and the olecranon process are stouter in all 

 respects than in modern man. The coronoid process is more horizontal 

 than usual today. The articular facets are less excavated. On the 

 whole both the radius and the ulna of the La Ghapelle skeleton, in 

 common with the forearm bones of other Neanderthal skeletons, 

 show a number of inferior ancestral characters, and differ correspond- 

 ingly from the same bones in modern man. 



